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Anatomy > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalization

A

Evolutionary development of the anterior (rostral) portion of the brain.
Increased number of neurons in the head.

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2
Q

Neural crest

A

Forms much of the PNS

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3
Q

Neural Tube

A

Forms the CNS structures
Prosencephalon - forebrain
Mesencephalon - midbrain
Rhonbencephalon - hindbrain

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4
Q

Telencephalon

A

forms cerebrum (two hemispheres with cortex, white matter and basal nuclei)

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5
Q

Diencephalon

A

Forms thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and retina

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6
Q

Mesencephalon

A

forms Midbrain

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7
Q

Metencephalon

A

forms Pons, cerebellum

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8
Q

Myencephalon

A

forms Medulla

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9
Q

Central canal of neural tube forms…

A

fluid-filled ventricals

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10
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Produce CSF in the lateral ventricles

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11
Q

Septum Pellicidum

A

Separates the two lateral ventricles

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12
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Lies below the lateral ventricles

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13
Q

Cerebral aquaduct

A

Lies between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

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14
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

Lies below the cerebral aqueduct. Lies in front of the brain stem.

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15
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates the 2 hemispheres

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16
Q

Transverse cerebral fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

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17
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Motor function

18
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Sensory function

19
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates the pre and post central gyri

20
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

thin superficial layer of gray matter
40% of the mass of the brain
Site of conscious mind
Each hemisphere connects contralateral part of the body

21
Q

Association areas

A

Integrate diverse information

22
Q

Cranial nerves innervate which side?

A

Ipsilateral side (same side)

23
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Speech area. Controls muscles of the tongue. Is active as one prepares to speak.

24
Q

Frontal Eye Field

A

Controls voluntary eye movements

25
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe

receives visual information from retinas.

26
Q

Visual association area

A

Surrounds primary visual cortex

complex processing of images

27
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Interprets sounds as pitch and loudness

28
Q

Auditory association area

A

Stores memories of sound

29
Q

Gustatory cortex

A

perception of taste

30
Q

Multimodal association areas

A

Receives input from multiple sensory areas. allows us to compare to previous information and decide on action to take.

31
Q

Anterior association area

A

Most complicated cortical region
intellect, recognition, recall and personality
Development depends on feedback from social environment

32
Q

Posterior association area

A

Recognizes patterns of faces and localizing us in space

understanding written and spoken language

33
Q

Limbic system

A

Provides emotional impact that helps establish memories

34
Q

Lateralization

A

Division of labor between hemispheres

35
Q

Cerebral Dominance

A

Designates the hemisphere dominant for language

36
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

controls language, math and logic

37
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Insight, intuition and artistic skills, visual spatial skills

38
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Connect gray matter of the 2 hemispheres

39
Q

Associated fibers

A

connect different paths of the same hemisphere

40
Q

Projection fibers

A

connect the hemispheres to the lower brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Decussation

A

Crossing of fibers in the brain stem

42
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

Influence muscle control
regulate attention and cognition
inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements

Anatomy (7 decks)

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