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Anatomy > Anatomy Lab Test 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

walls of vessels and organs: GI, GU, vessels not under conscious control

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Structure similar to skeletal muscle, not under conscious control

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

have origins (usually broad) and insertions (usually thin ligaments), attachments determine function/control, can move consciously

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4
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

minimal to no motion; ex: skull sutures and illioscaral

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5
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

Limited motion; ex: intervertebral disc, pubic symphasis

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6
Q

Synovial Joint

A

freely mobile, comprised of two or more bones (may have meniscus), lubricated by synovial fluid, structural stability and RO determined by shape

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7
Q

Commonly injured thumb ligament

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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8
Q

Commonly injured knee ligaments

A

Medial/lateral collateral, anterior/posterior cruciates

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9
Q

Commonly injured ankle ligaments

A

anterior/posterior talo-fibular, fibulocacaneal

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10
Q

High ankle sprain

A

Distal tib/fib syndesmosis

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11
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial/Lateral Pterygoid

Innervated by 3rd division of Trigeminal

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12
Q

Eye Muscles

A

Sup/Inf/Med/Lat rectus, sup/inf oblique, levator palpebrae

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13
Q

Pterygoid muscles

A

Spenoid bone to mandible

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14
Q

Flexion of Neck

A

SCM; mastoid process to sternum and clavicle, innervated by accessory nerve

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15
Q

Extension of Neck

A

Erector Spinae; iliac crests/vertebre to ribs and vertebre, innervated by Spinal nerves

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16
Q

Side bend of head

A

SCM and Trapezius (occipital bone and vertebre to spine and acromion of scapula, innervated by accessory nerve)

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17
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

move tongue

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18
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

constrict pharynx, turns into esophagus and smooth muscle around the height of the cricoid cartilage

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19
Q

Scalenes

A

Hold head and neck to rest of body, can assist in overly heavy breathing

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20
Q

Digastrics

A

Origin on styloid process to hyoid bone, act as a pulley to open mouth

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21
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Passes between subclavian artery and vein

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22
Q

Rotation of neck

A

SCM

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23
Q

Flexion of Trunk

A

Rectus abdominus, int/ext obliques, transversus abdominus (linea alba, innervated by intercostal nerves)

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24
Q

Extension of Trunk

A

Extensor spinae; extensor muscles of the spine

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25
Q

Side Bend of Trunk

A

Abdominal and back muscles

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26
Q

Rotation of Trunk

A

Trunk and Shoulder Girdle muscles

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27
Q

2 Joints of Shoulder

A

Glenohumeral and Scapulothoracic

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28
Q

Muscles of Rotator Cuff (4)

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

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29
Q

Scapular Retraction

A

Rhomboids; Vertebre to medial border of scapula

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30
Q

Scapular Protraction

A

Serratus Anterior; ribs to scapula

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31
Q

Shoulder Shrug

A

Superior Trapezius, Levator Spinae (vertebre to scapula)

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32
Q

Forward flexion of Shoulder

A

Pectoralis Major; clavicle to humerus

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33
Q

Backward extension of Shoulder

A

Latissimus dorsi (vertebre to humerus), teres major (scapula to groove of humerus)

34
Q

Abduction of shoulder

A

Deltiod (clavicle and scapula to humerus, axillary nerve) and Supraspinatus (scapula to humerus)

35
Q

Adduction of Shoulder

A

pectoralis Major/Minor, Latissimus Dorsi

36
Q

Internal Rotation of Shoulder

A

Subscapularis (scapula to lesser tubercle of humerus)

37
Q

External Rotation of Shoulder

A

Infraspinatus (scapula to greater tubercle of humerus), Teres Minor (scapula to greater tubercle of humerus)

38
Q

Flexion of Elbow

A

Biceps (2 heads to radial tuberosity), Brachialis (Humerus to coronoid process); innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

39
Q

Extension of Elbow

A

Triceps (humerus to olecranon process of ulna) innervated by Radial Nerve

40
Q

Forearm pronation

A

Pronator quadratus and pronator teres

41
Q

Supination of Forearm

A

Biceps and Supinator

42
Q

Hip Forward Flexion

A

Illiopsoas (inserts on lesser trochanter)

43
Q

Backward Hip Extension

A

Gluteus Maximus (to gluteal tuberosity of femur), Posterior Hamstrings

44
Q

Abduction of Hip

A

Gluteus Medius (to greater trochanter of femur)

45
Q

Adduction of Hip

A

Adductors maximus, minimus, longus, and brevis

46
Q

Internal Rotation of Hip

A

Anterior fibers of gluteal muscles

47
Q

External rotation of Hip

A

Posterior fibers of gluteal muscles (esp maximus)

48
Q

Extension of Knee

A

Quadriceps (femur to tibial tuberosity; innervated by femoral nerve)

49
Q

Flexion of Knee

A

Hamstrings, Gracilis (femur to pes; obturator nerve), Sartorius (femur to pes; femoral nerve)

50
Q

Muscles of Hamstrings

A

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis; all innervated by sciatic nerve

51
Q

Dorsiflexion of Ankle

A

Tibialis Anterior (tibia to cuneiform; innervated by deep fibular nerve)

52
Q

Plantar Flexion of Ankle

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus (both to calcaneus as Achilles tendon; innervated by tibial nerve)

53
Q

Inversion of Foot

A

Posterior Tibial

54
Q

Eversion of Foot

A

Peroneals

55
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Lateral to illiopsoas, maintains upright posture

56
Q

Portahepatus

A

“Gateway to Liver”; hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein, can be clamped to stop blood flow to liver (pass through portion of lesser omentum called hepatoduodenal ligament)

57
Q

Foramen of Winslow

A

space underneath portahepatus

58
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

Innervated diaphragm, arises from C3-5

59
Q

Vagus nerve

A

forms plexus over esophagus, then R side runs posteriorly and L side runs anteriorly

60
Q

Mediastinum

A

between two pleural linings, contains large vessels, thymus, esophagus; postions within are determined by relationship to heart

61
Q

Layers of GI tract

A

Mucosal -> Cicrular muscle fibers -> long muscle fibers -> serosal (peritoneal)

62
Q

Serosal layer of GI tract

A

Lends strength and support, acts as a barrier to cancer invasion; esophagus and rectum lack serosa, making them hard to stitch back together

63
Q

Vascularization on Bronchi

A

Arteries from Aorta, drain to Azygous

64
Q

3 places portal meets systemic Venous System

A

rectum (hemorrhoids), round ligament (caput medusa), esophagus (esophageal varices)

65
Q

Xiphoid process marks (3 things)

A

superior level of liver, central tendon of diaphragm, inferior border of heart

66
Q

Superior Aperture (outlet)

A

T1, first rib, manubrium

67
Q

Inferior Aperture (outlet)

A

T12, 11th/12th ribs, costal margins ribs 7-10, xiphisternal joint

68
Q

Respiratory Muscles (resting)

A

Intercostals and diaphram

69
Q

Forced Respiratory Expiration

A

Abdominal Muscles

70
Q

Accessory Muscles of Respiration

A

Scalenes and SCM

71
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Can remove 1st rib to increase inspiration

72
Q

Splanchnic Nerves

A

Arise from sympathetic trunk in thorax and innervate portions of abdomen

73
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

covers organ

74
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

covers surrounding structures, serious fluid between the two

75
Q

Hilum

A

all connections with heart and trachea

76
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

supplies all of small bowels, and R ascending (and some transverse) colon via ileocolic branches

77
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

also supplies small bowel, L descending (and some transverse) colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

78
Q

Arterial supply to Lesser Curve of Stomach

A

Right and Left Gastric

79
Q

Arterial Supply to Greater Curve of Stomach

A

Splenic -> L gastroepoploic

Gastroduodenal -> R gastroepoploic

80
Q

Recurrent Nerve

A

A branch from Vagus that curves back around subclavian and up to innervate voice box (another million dollar nerve)

81
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A 
S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum
82
Q

Intraperitoneal Structures

A
  • Stomach, First part of the duodenum [5 cm], jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum (upper 1/3)
  • Liver, spleen, pancreas (only tail)

Anatomy (7 decks)

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