The Body At Work- Muscular

Question 1

Functions of the muscular system

Answer 1

🍄Movement
Skeletal muscle- voluntary- move limbs eg bicep
Cardiac muscle- moves blood through body, eg heart
Smooth muscle- involuntary- move food through digestive system

🍄support and maintain good posture

🍄producing heat to keep the body warm by contractions

Question 2

antagonistic pair

Answer 2

Prime mover/ agonist
Contracts to cause the movement.

Relaxes to allow for the movement

Question 3

Isotonic contraction

Answer 3

Development of tension in the muscle causing movement. When muscle shortens (concentric) or lengthens (eccentric) under tension

Question 4

Concentric contraction

Answer 4

Muscle gets shorter and fatter

Question 5

Eccentric contraction

Answer 5

Muscle gets longer and thinner under tension

Question 6

Isometric contraction

Answer 6

Development of tension in muscle however there is no movement. Muscle stays at an equal length under tension.

Question 7

Recruitment of muscle fibres to produce force

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles controlled by CNS

made up of nerve cells called neurone

Motor neurone send info form CNS to muscle telling it to contract

Question 8

Type 1 slow twitch

Spec

Answer 8

Designed for endurance and can produce a large amount of energy over a long period of time assuming that oxygen is present

Question 9

Type 11 fast twitch fibres

Spec

Answer 9

Designed for high intensity activity’s and can contract rapidly but tire very quickly

Question 10

Alactic anaerobic system

Answer 10

🍄produce energy v high intensity work, first use stores of ATP in muscle. Produces energy approx 1 second

🍄After this stores of creatine phosphate are broken down to provide ATP. Source fuel provides approx another 9 seconds

Time- 0-10sec
Intensity- max/v high intensity 100% MHR/RM
Fuel- Creatine phosphate, no oxygen required
Example- shot putt

Question 11

Lactic acidosis anaerobic system

Answer 11

🍄beyond 10s High intensity work this system supplies the ATP

🍄glycogen broken down to form ATP. Can provide energy up to 40sec before build up of waste product of lactic acid stops the muscles from working

🍄work when respiratory and circulatory systems unable to meet the muscle demands for oxygen. Can be up to 50s

Time- 30-50s
Intensity- high above anaerobic threshold
Fuel- glycogen no oxygen
Example- speed 400m

Question 12

Aerobic energy production

Answer 12

R&c systems able deliver sufficient oxygen to working muscle

Glucose and fats broken down to provide ATP. Waste products created form producing energy are broken down by using oxygen and can be breathed out as CO2. You can keep going until you run out of glycogen.

Question 13

Immediate effects of exercise on skeletal muscle

Answer 13

🔥muscled contract more often
🔥blood flow to muscle increase
🔥muscle temperature rises

Question 14

Long term effects of training on skeletal muscles

Aerobic training->slow twitch muscle fibres get…

Answer 14

🌸increased network of arteries CAPILLARIES and veins. Means more O2 and nutrients(food) can be delivered to the muscle and more waste products(CO2) can be taken away

🌸increased stores in myoglobin. Up to 80% more oxygen can be taken in by muscles

🌸increased number and size of mitochondria. Muscle can produce more energy

Question 15

Long term effects of training on skeletal muscles

Strength training->fast twitch muscle fibres get…

Answer 15

🌸increased cross-sectional area (diameter increases) / increase size-hypertrophy. Muscles can produce more force

🌸increased stores of high energy phosphagens. Muscle work at high intensity for longer

🌸muscles, tendons and ligaments around joint become stronger