The Body At Work- Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

💐transporting oxygen and nutrients - essential for exercise-> rs

💐remove waste products
CO2 and lactic acid by products of energy production

💐clotting of cuts and open wounds
Essential for healing and protection

💐regular body temperature
Redirects blood flow

Question 2

Double circulation system names

Answer 2

Systematic - rest body

Pulmonary - lungs

Question 3

pulmonary circuit

Answer 3

the blood travels from the right side of the heart to the lungs, then back to the left side of the heart

Question 4

systemic circuit

Answer 4

blood travels from the right side of the heart to all parts of the body, then back to the right side of the heart

Question 5

arteries

Answer 5

thick, smooth, elastic walls and small lumen.
transport blood under higher pressure (than veins) away from the heart and only oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery)

Question 6

capillaries

Answer 6

small, narrow blood vessels and are the site for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 7

veins

Answer 7

thinner, less elastic walls than arteries, larger lumens and non return valves that help return blood to the heart preventing back flow of blood.
veins transport blood under lower pressure (than arteries) towards the heart often deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary vein

Question 8

Changes occur to blood flow when we start exercising.

leaves the heart

Answer 8

blood has high pressure and velocity as it leaves the heart (aorta),
pressure reduces as it moves through the blood vessels,
blood velocity reduces dramatically as it reaches the capillary beds,
blood flow is redirected to skeletal muscles by vasoconstriction and vasodilation and precapillary network

Question 9

Changes occur to blood flow when we start exercising.

re-enters the heart

Answer 9

blood returning to the heart enters the veins (vena cava),
blood velocity increases,
rhythmic movement of smooth muscle and the action of the skeletal muscle as the body moves helps the flow of blood, one-way valves prevent blood flowing backwards.

Question 10

heart rate

Answer 10

the no of cardiac cycles per min

rises directly proportional to exercise

Question 11

stroke volume

Answer 11

the volume of blood ejected from your heart per beat

Question 12

cardiac output

Answer 12

volume of blood ejected from your heart in one minute

Question 13

cardiac output =

Answer 13

stroke vol x heart rate

Question 14

why does stroke vol increase

Answer 14

increased venous return (muscle pump) therefore cardiac output increases

Question 15

short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system

Answer 15

. release of adrenaline causes heart rate to rise
. cardiac output increases
. venous return of blood increases
. carbon dioxide production increases
. body temp increases
. blood pressure increases, therefore bloodflow increases
. vasoconstruction and vasodiliation ensure blood is redirected to areas that need it

Question 16

long term effects of optimal training on the cardiovascular system

Answer 16

. heart walls become thicker and stronger, increases stroke volume
. red blood cell count increases, improves body’s ability to transport oxygen to muscle
. increased capillarisation allows for more efficient gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2
. resting heart rate decreases
. build up of lactic acid is much lower during high intensity activity