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Physiology Test 2 > The Blood > Flashcards

The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

define Hematocrit (Hct)

A

ratio of volume of formed elements/total blood volume

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2
Q

what is the most abundant blood protein?

A

Serum Albumin (~50%)

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3
Q

where is albumin synthesized?

A

Liver

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4
Q

what is the role of Albumin?

A
  1. transport hormones, free fatty acids, drugs, bilirubin
  2. creates colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure
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5
Q

what disease is albumin associated with?

A
  1. kidney disease
  2. liver disease
  3. malnutrition
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6
Q

relationship between Hct and O2?

A

the greater the Hct the greater the O2 carrying capacity of the blood

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7
Q

Clinical implications of Hct

A

as Hct declines, so must exercise level

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8
Q

Hct and hemoglobin relationship

A

as hematocrit goes down, so does hemoglobin levels

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9
Q

what are the fluid parts of the blood?

A
  1. plasma
  2. serum
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10
Q

what is plasma?

A

liquid component of blood, contains:

  1. water
  2. electrolytes
  3. clotting factors
  4. proteins
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11
Q

what is the main difference between plasma and serum?

A

serum lacks clotting factors

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12
Q

what is oncotic pressure?

A

defined by presence of the concentration of plasma proteins. Causes water to move back into the circulatory system

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13
Q

Name 7 types of blood cells

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils
  4. lymphocytes
  5. monocytes
  6. platelets
  7. erythrocytes
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14
Q

T/F: RBC have both nuclei and mitochondria

A

FALSE

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15
Q

the majority of WBCs are _____

A

Neutrophils (which are phagocytic)

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16
Q

neutrophils account for ________

A

50-70% of WBC

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17
Q

what is thrombocytopenia?

A

deficiency of platelets

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18
Q

what are the 3 stages of blood clot formation?

A
  1. platelets attach to endothelium
  2. platelets start to relase fibrin and bring to seal the endothelium
  3. the fibrin network traps RBCs and completely seal the endothelium
19
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A
  1. help detoxify foreign substance
  2. secrete enzymes that dissolve clots
  3. fights parasitic infections
20
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A

release anticoagulant/heparin

21
Q

what clot repressing molecules are released to prevent clot formation?

A
  1. Prostacyclin PGI2
  2. NO
  3. CD 39: enzyme that breaks down ADP
22
Q

what is VWF?

A

Von Willegrand’s factor

23
Q

what does VWF do?

A

binds platelets to exposed collagen.

24
Q

What is Virchow’s Triangle?

A

factors that ID increased risk for an embolism

25
what are the 3 components of Virchow's Triangle?
1. stasis of blood flow 2. endothelial injury 3. hypercoagulability
26
name a population you would be concerned about with stasis of blood flow.
Patients on bed rest, people with sedentary lifestyles
27
define hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding
28
what is the normal hematocrit level for women?
36-46%
29
What is the normal hematocrit level for men?
41-53%
30
normal values for WBCs?
5000-10000
31
normal RBC count?
4 million - 6 million
32
normal hemoglobin in women?
12-14 g/dL
33
normal hemoglobin in men
11-15 g/dL
34
what is considered a normal MAP?
65-110 mmHg
35
what does an ANC \<500 mean?
dramatic infection
36
Type A have ______ antigen and \_\_\_\_\_\_antibody
A antigen anti-B antibody
37
what is a granulocyte?
a leukocyte that has a mitochondria and nuclei
38
T/F: granulocytes make up the majority of WBCs?
TRUE
39
what WBCs are granulocytes?
1. Neutrophils 2. Basophils 3. Eosinophils
40
what are monocytes?
WBCs that have an absence of granules in the cytoplasm
41
what WBCs are agranulocytes?
1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes
42
T/F: Atrial Fibrillation can cause stasis of blood flow
TRUE
43
what is hematopoiesis?
blood cell formation (it occurs in bone marrow)

Physiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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