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Physiology Test 2 > Striated Muscle > Flashcards

Striated Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

what are all the functions of muscle (7)?

A

1) . produce movement,
2) . help maintain posture,
3) . power respiration,
4) . produce body heat,
5) . communicate w/other organs,
6) . constrict organs and blood vessels,
7) . produce cardiac contraction

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2
Q

4 properties of muscle

A

contractility
excitability
extensiblity
elasticity

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3
Q

what are functional syncytium?

A

intercalated disks and gap junctions in striated cardiac muscle

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4
Q

what are the components of a sarcomere?

A 
I-band
A-Band
H-band
Z-discs
M-line
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5
Q

what is the I-band?

A

thin filaments

actin

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6
Q

what is in the A-band?

A

thick filaments

myosin

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7
Q

What is the H-band?

A

located within A band
Contain only thick filaments
changes width w/muscle contraction

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8
Q

What are the Z-discs?

A

form the boundaries of the sarcomere

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9
Q

what occurs in a sarcomere during a concentric contraction?

A

Z-disk move closer together
Width of H-band diminishes
A-band width stays same
thin filaments slide toward H-zone/M-line

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10
Q

how does Ca 2+ assist in muscle contraction?

A

binds to troponin, moves it, reveals binding site of tropomyosin

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11
Q

how many nuclei does skeletal muscle have?

A

multiple

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12
Q

how many nuclei does cardiac muscle have?

A

one

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13
Q

what is the primary purpose of muscle?

A

to produce force

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14
Q

where does force production occur in muscle?

A

sarcomeres, it is transmitted along the muscle to tendons

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15
Q

what is the fundamental unit of muscle?

A

sarcomere

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16
Q

What are the connective tissue layers within muscle?

A

1) . epimysium
2) . perimysium
3) . endomysium

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17
Q

where is epimysuium?

A

around the whole muscle

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18
Q

where is perimysium located?

A

around fascilces

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19
Q

where is endomysium located?

A

around each muscle cell/fiber

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20
Q

what allows for the transmission of force through the whole muscle?

A

connective tissue matrix

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21
Q

T/F: connective tissue repairs very slowly and can impact movement and limit functionability

A

True

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22
Q

what is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of the muscle cell

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23
Q

what are satellite cells?

A

peripheral cells within individual muscle cells, help with tissue repair in skeletal muscle

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24
Q

which filament moves as the sarcomere contracts?

A

actin/thin filaments

25
Q

during maximal contraction what is no longer visible in the sarcomere?

A

H zone

26
Q

what forms the boundaries of the sarcomere?

A

Z discs

27
Q

T/F: following muscle damage, actin can be measured in the blood?

A

True

28
Q

what on the muscle cell senses the voltage change from an axon terminal?

A

DHP receptor

29
Q

how does the AP reach the SR?

A

travels down the T-tubule and stimulate the DHP recepotr

30
Q

how does a muscle relaxer inhibit contraction?

A

limits release of Ca+ form SR or inhibits ACh from binding to motor end plates

31
Q

define motor unit

A

a motor neuron and all muscle fibers that it innervates

32
Q

T/F: muscle fibers innervated by the same motor unit can be different muscle fiber types

A

FALSE

33
Q

what happens as more motor units are recruited?

A

a stronger contraction is generated

34
Q

how would you expect to see in motor units organized within muscles designed for strength?

A

large number of muscle fibers per motor unit

35
Q

what would you expect to see in motor units organized within muscle designed for fine motor skills?

A

small number of fibers per motor unit

36
Q

what is the order of recruitment with motor units?

A

small motor units are recruited before larger motor units

37
Q

how could you tell if someone has more sarcomeres compared to another person?

A

size of muscles, larger muscles means more sarcomeres

38
Q

what causes muscle fatigue?

A

decreased ATP and increased ADP

39
Q

what is tetanus?

A

muscle contracts and remain contracted

40
Q

give an exampole of tetany

A

a charley horse, lock jaw

41
Q

what is required to get a tetany?

A

a summation

42
Q

what is a summation?

A

a high frequency of stimuli

43
Q

what is the length tension relationship?

A

the distance between actin and mysin determines how much tension/force can be produced.

44
Q

define pennation

A

refers to the orientation of how the muscle fiber run relative to the whole muscle

45
Q

what is pennation angle in reference to?

A

the location of the tendon

46
Q

what does a high degree of pennation allow for?

A

more muscle fibers to be packed in the same volume, results in more force production

47
Q

expected length and pennation angle in muscles that generate velocity

A

long fiber length, small pennation angles

48
Q

expected length and pennation angle in muscles that generate force

A

short fiber length, larger pennation angle

49
Q

individuals with a spinal cord injury would develop what type of muscle fiber type?

A

fast twitch (type 2a) because they are unable to exercise and will therefore fatigue quicker

50
Q

as we age, what happens to the number of satellite cells?

A

decreases

51
Q

satellite cell # with age, implications for PT

A

less satellite cells in older patients mean slower healing time

52
Q

what is fibrosis?

A

scar tissue, will result in decreased ROM

53
Q

how is force transmitted from the sarcomere to the tendon?

A

via connective tissue

54
Q

how many thin filaments surround each thick filament?

A

6

55
Q

how many thick filaments surround each thin filament?

A

3

56
Q

what is the myotendinous junction?

A

where the muscle connects to the tendon, is a weak point within the muscle but can be hypertrophied w/resistance training

57
Q

what is the purpose of the costamere?

A

connects the z line of the sarcomere to sarcolemma of a myofiber which helps transmit force

58
Q

what limits action between actin and mysin?

A

the troponin complex

Physiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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