Movement of Molecules

Question 1

Define solute

Answer 1

substance dissolved in another substance

Question 2

define hypotonecity

Answer 2

lower concentration of solute than other solution’ higher concentration of water

Question 3

define hypertonicity

Answer 3

greater concentration of solutes than other solutions; lower concentration of water

Question 4

water distribution in body

Answer 4

67% intracellular compartment,

33% extracellular compartment

Question 5

Intracellular ion concentrations

Answer 5

more K+ and proteins

Question 6

Extracellular ion concentration

Answer 6

more Cl- and Na+

Question 7

EC and IC conc of Na+

Answer 7

EC: 140
IC: 15

Question 8

EC and IC conc Cl-

Answer 8

EC: 110
IC: 10

Question 9

EC and IC conc of K+

Answer 9

EC: 4
IC: 150

Question 10

what energy drives diffusion?

Answer 10

thermal energy

Question 11

what molecules move by simple diffusion?

Answer 11

oxygen, many nutrients, and small molecules

Question 12

effect of freely permeable membrane on diffusion?

Answer 12

molecules will still move down their concentration gradients unimpeded

Question 13

hydrophilic molecules interact with ____________

Answer 13

charged (polar molecules)

Question 14

hydrophobic molecules interact with _____________

Answer 14

uncharged (non-polar molecules)

Question 15

EC and IC concentration of calcium

Answer 15

EC: 2.2
IC: <10^-6

Question 16

which type of molecule passes easily through cell membranes?

Answer 16

hydrophobic

Question 17

plasma membranes are not permeable to _________

Answer 17

proteins, nucleic acids, and other large molecules

Question 18

when there is no movement of ions the cell is at rest, this is called _________

Answer 18

resting membrane potential (RMP)

Question 19

why does the electrical gradient pull positive ions into the cell?

Answer 19

ion distribution in IC is more negative compared to EC

Question 20

what are the two types of carrier mediated transport systems?

Answer 20

1) . facilitated diffusion

2) . Active transport

Question 21

Ratio of K+ and Na+ movement via the Na/K pump

Answer 21

2K+ in and 3 Na+ out

Question 22

T/F: K+ is able to leak out of the membrane

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the role of the Na/K pump?

Answer 23

maintain and create concentration gradients across the cell membrane

Question 24

what contributes to the creation of the RMP?

Answer 24

K+ leaking out of the cell and into the EC

Question 25

give an example of cell that performs a lot of endocytosis

Answer 25

WBC

Question 26

T/F: pus is byproduct of endocytosis?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Give an example of a molecule that is secrete via exocytosis

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

define osmosis

Answer 28

movement of water molecules from high to low water concentrations

Question 29

T/F: hypertonic is the same as hyposmotic?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

what would you expect to happen to RBC if they are placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 30

more water would move into the RBC

Question 31

what would you expect to happen to a RBC if they were place hypertonic solution?

Answer 31

water would leave the RBC, cell would shrivel.

Question 32

define osmotic pressure

Answer 32

the amount of force required to strop osmotic movement of water

Question 33

there is more water in ICF than ECF, therfore the ECF would have what tonicity?

Answer 33

hyposmotic (and hypertonic)

Question 34

why do our cells not shrivel up constantly even they they exist in a hyposmotic solution (ECF)?

Answer 34

our bodies apply enough osmotic pressure to counter the movement of water

Question 35

within a malnourished individual, why would fluid accumulate in ISF?

Answer 35

more water will move from BV to ISF to maintain gradient within BV, resulting a hyperostomic ISF,