Movement of Molecules Flashcards
Define solute
substance dissolved in another substance
define hypotonecity
lower concentration of solute than other solution’ higher concentration of water
define hypertonicity
greater concentration of solutes than other solutions; lower concentration of water
water distribution in body
67% intracellular compartment,
33% extracellular compartment
Intracellular ion concentrations
more K+ and proteins
Extracellular ion concentration
more Cl- and Na+
EC and IC conc of Na+
EC: 140
IC: 15
EC and IC conc Cl-
EC: 110
IC: 10
EC and IC conc of K+
EC: 4
IC: 150
what energy drives diffusion?
thermal energy
what molecules move by simple diffusion?
oxygen, many nutrients, and small molecules
effect of freely permeable membrane on diffusion?
molecules will still move down their concentration gradients unimpeded
hydrophilic molecules interact with ____________
charged (polar molecules)
hydrophobic molecules interact with _____________
uncharged (non-polar molecules)
EC and IC concentration of calcium
EC: 2.2
IC: <10^-6
which type of molecule passes easily through cell membranes?
hydrophobic
plasma membranes are not permeable to _________
proteins, nucleic acids, and other large molecules
when there is no movement of ions the cell is at rest, this is called _________
resting membrane potential (RMP)
why does the electrical gradient pull positive ions into the cell?
ion distribution in IC is more negative compared to EC
what are the two types of carrier mediated transport systems?
1) . facilitated diffusion
2) . Active transport
Ratio of K+ and Na+ movement via the Na/K pump
2K+ in and 3 Na+ out
T/F: K+ is able to leak out of the membrane
True
What is the role of the Na/K pump?
maintain and create concentration gradients across the cell membrane
what contributes to the creation of the RMP?
K+ leaking out of the cell and into the EC
give an example of cell that performs a lot of endocytosis
WBC
T/F: pus is byproduct of endocytosis?
True
Give an example of a molecule that is secrete via exocytosis
insulin
define osmosis
movement of water molecules from high to low water concentrations
T/F: hypertonic is the same as hyposmotic?
True
what would you expect to happen to RBC if they are placed in a hypotonic solution?
more water would move into the RBC
what would you expect to happen to a RBC if they were place hypertonic solution?
water would leave the RBC, cell would shrivel.
define osmotic pressure
the amount of force required to strop osmotic movement of water
there is more water in ICF than ECF, therfore the ECF would have what tonicity?
hyposmotic (and hypertonic)
why do our cells not shrivel up constantly even they they exist in a hyposmotic solution (ECF)?
our bodies apply enough osmotic pressure to counter the movement of water
within a malnourished individual, why would fluid accumulate in ISF?
more water will move from BV to ISF to maintain gradient within BV, resulting a hyperostomic ISF,
