Intro to Physiology

Question 1

what are the main tissue types?

Answer 1

Epithelial, Muscle, Neural, and Connective

Question 2

What does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 2

create a barrier between 2 environments

Question 3

what are the roles of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

1) . protection
2) . secretion
3) . regulate movement of molecules

Question 4

two main types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

Simple and stratified

Question 5

types of epithelial tissue based on shape

Answer 5

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 6

structure and function of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 6

single flat layer - important for diffusion and filtration

Question 7

where would you find simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 7

1) . capillary wall; 2). pulmonary alveoli;
3) . covering visceral organs;
4) . lining body cavities

Question 8

structure and function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 8

single layer, cube shaped; excretion, secretion, or absorption

Question 9

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 9

1) . surface of ovaries,

2) . linings of kidney tubules, salivary ducts, and pancreatic ducts

Question 10

structure and function of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 10

single layer; protection, secretion and absorption

Question 11

where would you find simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 11

lining of most digestive tract

Question 12

structure and function of simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 12

single layer (ciliated), transportive role through ciliary motion

Question 13

location of simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 13

lining of uterine tubes

Question 14

structure and function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 14

single layer, irregular shaped, many goblet cell’ protection, secretion, ciliary movement

Question 15

location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 15

lining of respiratory passageways

Question 16

where would most simple epithelia be found?

Answer 16

covering visceral organs, linings of body cavities, tubes, and ducts

Question 17

where would most stratified epithelia be found?

Answer 17

epidermal layer of skin; linings of body openings, ducts, and urinary bladder

Question 18

structure and function of strat squamous epi

Answer 18

protection

Question 19

location of strat squamous epi

Answer 19

epidermis; linings of oral and nasal cavities

Question 20

structure and function of strat cuboidal epi

Answer 20

strengthening of luminal walls

Question 21

location of stat cuboidal epi

Answer 21

large ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

Question 22

structure and function of transitional epi

Answer 22

distension

Question 23

location of transitional epi

Answer 23

ureters, part of urethra, urinary bladder

Question 24

what does the basement membrane do?

Answer 24

links epithelial membrane to underlying ECM

Question 25

how does the basement membrane serve in repair of injury to the epithelium?

Answer 25

provide proteins and polysaccharides for tissue repair, provides vascular support

Question 26

What is the ECM?

Answer 26

3D network of EC macro-molecules, provides structural and biochemical support of surrounding cells

Question 27

what is muscle tissue specialized for?

Answer 27

force production

Question 28

functional unit of skeletal muscle?

Answer 28

myofiber

Question 29

T/F: the myocyte structure of cardiac muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

unique feature of smooth muscle

Answer 30

slow to fatigue

Question 31

what makes up nervous tissue?

Answer 31

nerve cells and glial (supporting) cells

Question 32

Characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 32

few cells, large amounts of ECM

Question 33

Types of Connective Tissue

Answer 33

adipose, tendons/ligaments, bone, and blood

Question 34

Structural types of connective tissue

Answer 34

1) . loose/areolar 2) . dense regular 3) . dense irregular

Question 35

examples of dense regular CT

Answer 35

tendons and ligaments

Question 36

examples of dense irregular CT

Answer 36

dermis, muscle fascia, fascia around organs

Question 37

T/F: adipose tissue is metabolically active?

Answer 37

true

Question 38

what are the body fluid compartments?

Answer 38

Intracellular and Extracellular

Question 39

what separates intracellular and extracellular comparments?

Answer 39

epithelial membrane

Question 40

what is in the extracellular compartment?

Answer 40

Blood plasma, interstitial fluid, CS fluid, sweat/mucus

Question 41

Intracellular volume

Answer 41

~25 L

Question 42

Interstitial volume

Answer 42

~12 L

Question 43

Intra-vascular volume

Answer 43

~3 L

Question 44

examples of homeostasis mechanisms

Answer 44

thermoregulation, serum glucose, acid-base balance, energy balance, electrolyte balance, blood volume

Question 45

most internal process are regulated within a ________

Answer 45

predictable range (WNL)

Question 46

what does a set point establish?

Answer 46

parameters that are acceptable

Question 47

define negative feedback regulation

Answer 47

an increase/decrease in the variable being regulated brings about responses that tend to move the variable in the direction opposite the direction of original change

Question 48

define positive feedback regulation

Answer 48

self-amplifying cycle in which one change, leads to even more significant changes in the same direction

Question 49

Give examples of negative feedback loops

Answer 49

orthostatic hypotension, glucose homeostasis, thermoregulation,

Question 50

which feedback loop is a corrective loop?

Answer 50

negative feedback

Question 51

what is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Answer 51

parturition (birth), blood clotting

Question 52

what is physiologic reserve?

Answer 52

refers to excess physiologic capacity in organs and biological systems