Intro to Physiology Flashcards
what are the main tissue types?
Epithelial, Muscle, Neural, and Connective
What does epithelial tissue do?
create a barrier between 2 environments
what are the roles of epithelial tissue?
1) . protection
2) . secretion
3) . regulate movement of molecules
two main types of epithelial tissue?
Simple and stratified
types of epithelial tissue based on shape
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
structure and function of simple squamous epithelium
single flat layer - important for diffusion and filtration
where would you find simple squamous epithelium?
1) . capillary wall; 2). pulmonary alveoli;
3) . covering visceral organs;
4) . lining body cavities
structure and function of simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer, cube shaped; excretion, secretion, or absorption
location of simple cuboidal epithelium
1) . surface of ovaries,
2) . linings of kidney tubules, salivary ducts, and pancreatic ducts
structure and function of simple columnar epithelium
single layer; protection, secretion and absorption
where would you find simple columnar epithelium?
lining of most digestive tract
structure and function of simple ciliated columnar epithelium
single layer (ciliated), transportive role through ciliary motion
location of simple ciliated columnar epithelium
lining of uterine tubes
structure and function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
single layer, irregular shaped, many goblet cell’ protection, secretion, ciliary movement
location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
lining of respiratory passageways
where would most simple epithelia be found?
covering visceral organs, linings of body cavities, tubes, and ducts
where would most stratified epithelia be found?
epidermal layer of skin; linings of body openings, ducts, and urinary bladder
structure and function of strat squamous epi
protection
location of strat squamous epi
epidermis; linings of oral and nasal cavities
structure and function of strat cuboidal epi
strengthening of luminal walls
location of stat cuboidal epi
large ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas
structure and function of transitional epi
distension
location of transitional epi
ureters, part of urethra, urinary bladder
what does the basement membrane do?
links epithelial membrane to underlying ECM
how does the basement membrane serve in repair of injury to the epithelium?
provide proteins and polysaccharides for tissue repair, provides vascular support
What is the ECM?
3D network of EC macro-molecules, provides structural and biochemical support of surrounding cells
what is muscle tissue specialized for?
force production
functional unit of skeletal muscle?
myofiber
T/F: the myocyte structure of cardiac muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle?
True
unique feature of smooth muscle
slow to fatigue
what makes up nervous tissue?
nerve cells and glial (supporting) cells
Characteristics of connective tissue
few cells, large amounts of ECM
Types of Connective Tissue
adipose, tendons/ligaments, bone, and blood
Structural types of connective tissue
1) . loose/areolar
2) . dense regular
3) . dense irregular
examples of dense regular CT
tendons and ligaments
examples of dense irregular CT
dermis, muscle fascia, fascia around organs
T/F: adipose tissue is metabolically active?
true
what are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular and Extracellular
what separates intracellular and extracellular comparments?
epithelial membrane
what is in the extracellular compartment?
Blood plasma, interstitial fluid, CS fluid, sweat/mucus
Intracellular volume
~25 L
Interstitial volume
~12 L
Intra-vascular volume
~3 L
examples of homeostasis mechanisms
thermoregulation, serum glucose, acid-base balance, energy balance, electrolyte balance, blood volume
most internal process are regulated within a ________
predictable range (WNL)
what does a set point establish?
parameters that are acceptable
define negative feedback regulation
an increase/decrease in the variable being regulated brings about responses that tend to move the variable in the direction opposite the direction of original change
define positive feedback regulation
self-amplifying cycle in which one change, leads to even more significant changes in the same direction
Give examples of negative feedback loops
orthostatic hypotension, glucose homeostasis, thermoregulation,
which feedback loop is a corrective loop?
negative feedback
what is an example of a positive feedback loop?
parturition (birth), blood clotting
what is physiologic reserve?
refers to excess physiologic capacity in organs and biological systems
