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Physiology Test 2 > Intro to Physiology > Flashcards

Intro to Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main tissue types?

A

Epithelial, Muscle, Neural, and Connective

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2
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

create a barrier between 2 environments

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3
Q

what are the roles of epithelial tissue?

A

1) . protection
2) . secretion
3) . regulate movement of molecules

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4
Q

two main types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple and stratified

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5
Q

types of epithelial tissue based on shape

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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6
Q

structure and function of simple squamous epithelium

A

single flat layer - important for diffusion and filtration

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7
Q

where would you find simple squamous epithelium?

A

1) . capillary wall; 2). pulmonary alveoli;
3) . covering visceral organs;
4) . lining body cavities

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8
Q

structure and function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer, cube shaped; excretion, secretion, or absorption

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9
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

1) . surface of ovaries,

2) . linings of kidney tubules, salivary ducts, and pancreatic ducts

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10
Q

structure and function of simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer; protection, secretion and absorption

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11
Q

where would you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

lining of most digestive tract

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12
Q

structure and function of simple ciliated columnar epithelium

A

single layer (ciliated), transportive role through ciliary motion

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13
Q

location of simple ciliated columnar epithelium

A

lining of uterine tubes

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14
Q

structure and function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

single layer, irregular shaped, many goblet cell’ protection, secretion, ciliary movement

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15
Q

location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

lining of respiratory passageways

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16
Q

where would most simple epithelia be found?

A

covering visceral organs, linings of body cavities, tubes, and ducts

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17
Q

where would most stratified epithelia be found?

A

epidermal layer of skin; linings of body openings, ducts, and urinary bladder

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18
Q

structure and function of strat squamous epi

A

protection

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19
Q

location of strat squamous epi

A

epidermis; linings of oral and nasal cavities

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20
Q

structure and function of strat cuboidal epi

A

strengthening of luminal walls

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21
Q

location of stat cuboidal epi

A

large ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

22
Q

structure and function of transitional epi

A

distension

23
Q

location of transitional epi

A

ureters, part of urethra, urinary bladder

24
Q

what does the basement membrane do?

A

links epithelial membrane to underlying ECM

25
Q

how does the basement membrane serve in repair of injury to the epithelium?

A

provide proteins and polysaccharides for tissue repair, provides vascular support

26
Q

What is the ECM?

A

3D network of EC macro-molecules, provides structural and biochemical support of surrounding cells

27
Q

what is muscle tissue specialized for?

A

force production

28
Q

functional unit of skeletal muscle?

A

myofiber

29
Q

T/F: the myocyte structure of cardiac muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle?

A

True

30
Q

unique feature of smooth muscle

A

slow to fatigue

31
Q

what makes up nervous tissue?

A

nerve cells and glial (supporting) cells

32
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

few cells, large amounts of ECM

33
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

adipose, tendons/ligaments, bone, and blood

34
Q

Structural types of connective tissue

A

1) . loose/areolar
2) . dense regular
3) . dense irregular

35
Q

examples of dense regular CT

A

tendons and ligaments

36
Q

examples of dense irregular CT

A

dermis, muscle fascia, fascia around organs

37
Q

T/F: adipose tissue is metabolically active?

A

true

38
Q

what are the body fluid compartments?

A

Intracellular and Extracellular

39
Q

what separates intracellular and extracellular comparments?

A

epithelial membrane

40
Q

what is in the extracellular compartment?

A

Blood plasma, interstitial fluid, CS fluid, sweat/mucus

41
Q

Intracellular volume

A

~25 L

42
Q

Interstitial volume

A

~12 L

43
Q

Intra-vascular volume

A

~3 L

44
Q

examples of homeostasis mechanisms

A

thermoregulation, serum glucose, acid-base balance, energy balance, electrolyte balance, blood volume

45
Q

most internal process are regulated within a ________

A

predictable range (WNL)

46
Q

what does a set point establish?

A

parameters that are acceptable

47
Q

define negative feedback regulation

A

an increase/decrease in the variable being regulated brings about responses that tend to move the variable in the direction opposite the direction of original change

48
Q

define positive feedback regulation

A

self-amplifying cycle in which one change, leads to even more significant changes in the same direction

49
Q

Give examples of negative feedback loops

A

orthostatic hypotension, glucose homeostasis, thermoregulation,

50
Q

which feedback loop is a corrective loop?

A

negative feedback

51
Q

what is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A

parturition (birth), blood clotting

52
Q

what is physiologic reserve?

A

refers to excess physiologic capacity in organs and biological systems

Physiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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