The Back: Vertebral column Flashcards
__ cervical vertebra, __ thoracic vertebra, __ lumbar vertebra, __ sacral (fused), __ coccygeal vertebra (fused).
7, 12, 5, 5, 4.
Flexion and extension can occur at the…. levels of the spinal cord.
Lateral flexion and extension can occur at the ….. levels of the spinal cord.
Rotation of the spinal cord occurs at what levels?
Cervical and lumbar.
Cervical and lumbar.
Thoracic and atlanto-axial (C1 and C2).
What levels are there lordosis and kyphosis?
Lordosis: lumbar and cervical.
Kyphosis: Thoracic and sacral.
What level is this vertebra from?
What does the atlas articulate with superiorly?
Occipital condyles.
What movement occurs at the atlanto-occipital joint?
a YES nodding movement (flexion).
Which spinal level is this vertebra from?
Thoracic
What is the intervertebral foramen?
Opening for the spinal nerve, segmental spinal arteries and spinal veins. Entrance or exit from the vertebral canal.
What is the name of this joint?
Zygapophyseal joint.
What are the red arrows pointing to?
What spinal level did this vertebra come from?
Top one is the laminae.
Bottom is the pedicle.
Lumbar.
Why is a lumbar puncture only possible in the lumbar area?
There is posterior space which provides an approach for a lumbar puncture.
The sacral promontry is the S1 in the base to support the L5 vertebra.
What are the 2 components of the intervertebral disc?
What is their function?
Nucelus pulposis: gel like substance.
Anulus fibrosis: layers of fibrocartilage.
Where is an intervertebral disc prolapse most likely to occur?
What problems can this cause?
L4/L5 or L5/S1.
Can cause sciatica.
Lumbar disc prolapse often affects the nerve exiting below the disc space.
Ligaments of the vertebra?
Longitudinal ligaments hold the vertebral bodies together.
What is this structure.
What is its function?
What are the deep/intrinsic muscles of the back?
Erector spinae (3 sets of muscles), splenius.
What extra muscles (not including intrinsic back muscles) aid in flexion and extension of the trunk?
Gluteus maximus, rectus abdominis, Psoas major.
Sternoclemastoid (flexion of the neck).
