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Neuroscience > The Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic: voluntary muscle control of skeletal muscle
  2. autonomic: involuntary control of viscera
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2
Q

The autonomic system consists or what?

A
  • sympathetic: fight or flight
  • parasympathetic: rest, digest
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3
Q

What lays close to the spinal cord in the sympathetic division?

A

paravertebral ganglia

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4
Q

What are the pre-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system?

A

short cholinergic projections leave CNS and innervate ganglia

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5
Q

What are the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system?

A

long adrenergic projections leave ganglia to innervate effector

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6
Q

What is the exception in post-ganglionic neurons?

A

kidney has dopaminergic innervation

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7
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the eye?

A
  • tissue: radial muscle
  • response: contracts
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8
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the heart?

A
  • tissue: SA node, contractility
  • response: SA node ->accelerates; contractility: increases
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9
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the blood vessels?

A
  • tissue: skeletal muscle, coronary
  • response: both relax
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10
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the lung?

A
  • tissue: bronchial smooth muscle
  • response: relaxes
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11
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the genitourinary smooth muscle and GI tract?

A
  • tissue: walls, sphincters
  • response: walls -> relax; sphincter -> contracts
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12
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in the skin?

A
  • tissue: sweat glands
  • response: increase
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13
Q

What is the tissue and sympathetic action response in metabolism?

A
  • tissue: liver, adipose tissue
  • response: liver -> gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis; adipose tissue -> lipolysis
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14
Q

What is the pre-ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic division?

A

long cholingeric projections that innervate ganglia near target organ

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15
Q

What is the most important pre-ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic system?

A

CN X (vagus)

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16
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic division?

A

short cholinergic projections to target organ

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17
Q

What is the tissue and parasympathetic action response in the eye?

A
  • tissue: sphincter
  • response: contracts
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18
Q

What is the tissue and parasympathetic action response in the heart?

A
  • tissue: SA node, contractility
  • response: SA node -> decelerates; contractility -> decreases
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19
Q

What is the tissue and parasympathetic action response in the lung?

A
  • tissue: bronchial smooth muscle
  • response: contracts
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20
Q

What is the tissue and parasympathetic action response in the GI tract?

A
  • tissue: walls, sphincters, secretion
  • response: walls -> contracts; sphincters ->relaxes; secretion -> increases
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21
Q

What is the tissue and parasympathetic action response in genitourinary smooth muscle?

A
  • tissues: walls, sphincters
  • response: walls -> contracts; sphincters -> relaxes
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22
Q

What type of innervation do most organs receive?

A

dual innervation

23
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the eye?

A

radial muscle contracts dilating the pupil

24
Q

How does the parasympathetic system affect the eye?

A

circular muscle contracts constricting the pupil

25
Q

What DOES NOT receive parasympathetic innervation?

A
  • blood vessels
  • sweat glands
  • hair follicles
26
Q

What are the nicotinic receptors?

A
  • ligand gated (fast)
  • Nm and Nn
27
Q

What are the muscarinic receptors?

A
  • G protein coupled (slow)
  • M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
28
Q

Where are nicotinic Ach receptors found?

A

ganglia + skeletal muscle

29
Q

What are nicotinic agonists?

A

nicotine, DMPP, epibatidine

30
Q

What is the location and physiological response of Nm?

A
  • location: neuromuscular juncture
  • repsonse: skeletal muscle contraction
31
Q

What is the location and physiological response of Nn?

A
  • location: autonomic ganglia, brain
  • response: ganglionic transmission
32
Q

What are the muscarinic agonists?

A

muscarine, pilocarpine, oxotremorine

33
Q

What are the excitatory muscarinic receptors?

A
  • odd numbers: M1, M3, M5
  • elevate intracellular Ca
34
Q

What is the location and physiological response of M1?

A
  • location: nerves
  • response: depolarization of neuron
35
Q

What is the location and physiological response of M3?

A
  • location: glands, smooth muscle, endothelium, nerves
  • response: contraction of GI and bronchial smooth muscle, increase of GI secretions
36
Q

What is the location and physiological response of M5?

A
  • location: CNS
  • response: modulate neuroexcitability and vascular tone
37
Q

What are the inhibitory muscarinic receptors?

A
  • even numbers: M2, M4
  • inhibit adenylyl cyclase -> decrease cAMP
38
Q

What is the G protein, location and physiological response of M2?

A
  • G protein: Gi
  • location: heart, nerves, smooth muscle
  • response: decrease SA node firing rate, decrease ventricular contractile force
39
Q

What are the subtypes of adrenergic receptors?

A
  1. alpha receptors (GPCR)
  2. beta receptors (GPCR)
40
Q

What is the biochemical factor, location, and physiological response for alpha 1?

A
  • biochemical factor: increase intracellular Ca
  • location: vascular smooth muscle, heart, liver
  • response: vasoconstriction, increase contractile force, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
41
Q

What is the biochemical factor, location, and physiological response for alpha 2?

A
  • biochemical factor: inhibit adenylyl cyclase
  • location: pancreas islets
  • response: decrease insulin secretion
42
Q

What is the effect of beta adrenergic receptors on cAMP?

A

increase cAMP via activation of adenyl cyclase

43
Q

What is the role of cAMP in beta receptors?

A
  • increases contraction of the heart (beta 1)
  • decreases contraction vascular and bronchial smooth muscle
44
Q

What is the location and physiological response for beta 1?

A
  • location: heart, juxtaglomerular cells
  • response: increase force and rate of contraction, increase renin secretion
45
Q

What is the location and physiological response for beta 2?

A
  • response: relaxation, increasing bronchial secretions glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, increase insulin secretion
  • location: smooth muscle bronchial glands, liver
46
Q

What is the location and physiological response for beta 3?

A
  • location: adipose tissue
  • response: lipolysis, no release
47
Q

The amygdala is known as what?

A

“higher centers” of control

48
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

A

sensory afferent neurons that help modulate control based on various internal stimuli

49
Q

Sympathetic output relates to what?

A

peripheral vascular resistance

50
Q

Parasympathetic output relates to what?

A

heart rate

51
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord if the bladder is damaged?

A

sensory neurons at the dorsal root ganglion send signal to the spinal cord and trigger voiding

52
Q

What 2 things can be associated with the failure of the ganglion loop?

A

CHF and arrhythmias

53
Q

What allows for regulation of synaptic signaling?

A

the presence of heteroreceptors

54
Q

What is the role of heteroreceptors?

A

act as terminal receptors for other transmitters that may act either to stimulate or inhibit release at that terminal

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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