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Neuroscience > Development of Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the neural tube form?

A

the CNS, neural plate, neural fold, neural groove

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2
Q

Embryonic ectoderm becomes what on the body?

A

skin

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3
Q

What does the neural crest become?

A

PNS and ANS

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4
Q

Cranial 2/3 becomes what?

A

future brain

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5
Q

Caudal 1/3 becomes what?

A

spinal cord

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6
Q

How many days does it take for the cranial/rostral neuropore to close?

A

25 days

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7
Q

How many days does it take for the caudal neuropore to close?

A

27 days

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8
Q

The walls of the neural tube are initially composed of what?

A

pseudostratified columnar

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9
Q

What is the sulcus limitans?

A
  • differential thickening of lateral walls
  • separates alar and basal plate
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10
Q

The neuroepithelial cells constitue what zones?

A
  • intermediate
  • ventricular
  • marginal
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11
Q

What is the intermediate zone?

A
  • contains alar and basal plates
  • gray matter
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12
Q

What is the ventricular zone?

A

gives rise to macroglial cells and neurons

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13
Q

What is the marginal zone?

A
  • consists of outer parts of neuroepithelial cells
  • becomes white matter
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14
Q

What is the process for the formation of neuroblasts?

A
  • mesenchymal cell -> microglial cell
  • apolar neuroblast -> neuron
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15
Q

The alar is responsible for what neurons and forms what horn of the spinal cord?

A

sensory; dorsal

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16
Q

Where does the conus medullaris end on an adult and at birth?

A
  • birth: L3
  • adults: L1-L2
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17
Q

Schwann cells are derived from what cells?

A

neural crest cells

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18
Q

Oligodendrocytes are derived from what?

A

neural tube

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19
Q

What is spina bifida occulta?

A
  • most common
  • unfused arch
  • occurs at L5/S1
  • presents with small dimple and tufted hair/dermal sinus
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20
Q

What is spina bifida meningocele?

A
  • unfused arch
  • meninges
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21
Q

What is spina bifida meningomyelocele?

A
  • unfused arch
  • meninges
  • spinal cord
22
Q

What is spina bifida myeloschisis?

A
  • most severe
  • spinal cord is open
  • neural folds failed to close
  • results in permanent paralysis/wekness in lower limbs
23
Q

What is dermal sinus?

A

failure of surface ectoderm to detatch from neuroectoderm and meninges that envelop it

24
Q

The lumen of neural tube becomes what?

A

brain ventricles

25
Q

What is the path of the forebrain (prosencephalon)?

A
  • telencephalon> cerebral hemispheres> lateral ventricles
  • diencephalon> thalami> 3rd ventricle
26
Q

What is the path of the midbrain (mesencephalon)?

A

mesencephalon> midbrain> aqueduct

27
Q

What is the path for the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)?

A
  • metencephalon> pons and cerebellum> upper part of 4th ventricle
  • mylencephalon> medulla> lower part of 4th ventricle
28
Q

What is the neurohypophysial diverticulum in pituitary gland development?

A
  • neuroectodermal downgrowth from diencephalon
  • forms neurohyphysis
  • post. pituitary
29
Q

What is the hyperphysial diverticulum in pituitary gland development?

A
  • ectodermal upgrowth from stomodeum
  • forms adenohypophysis
  • ant. pituitary
30
Q

What is the role of the pontine flexure?

A

divides hindbrain into metencephalon and mylencephalon

31
Q

What is the special somatic afferents?

A

sense of balance and gravity

32
Q

What is the special visceral afferents?

A

“special sense” taste and olfaction

33
Q

What is the special visceal efferents?

A

skeletal muscles of branchial arch origin

34
Q

What does the ventral portion of the metencephalon include?

A

pons

35
Q

What does the dorsal portion of the metencephalon include?

A

cerebellum

36
Q

The roof of the 4th ventricle include what?

A
  • choroid plexus
  • 3 foramina: foramen of Luschka (2) and foramen of Magendie
37
Q

What is the cranial most extent of the sulcus limitans?

A

mesencephalon

38
Q

What does the lumen within the mesencephalon include?

A

cerebral aqueduct

39
Q

What is the end of the neural tube?

A

diencephalon

40
Q

What do the lateral walls of diencephalon contain?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

41
Q

The nuclei within the diencephalon is composed of what?

A

alar lamina

42
Q

The rostral wall is formed by the what?

A

lamina terminalis (cranial most end of the original neural tube)

43
Q

The lumen of the diencephalon is what ventricle?

A

3rd

44
Q

What does the telencephalon form?

A

cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

45
Q

Where is the telencephalon located?

A

on either side of diencephalon

46
Q

What is cranial meningocele?

A

meninges with CSF

47
Q

What is meningocephalocele?

A
  • meninges with CSF
  • portion of cerebellum
48
Q

What is meningohydroencephalocele?

A
  • meninges with CSF
  • portion of occipital lobe
  • portion of post. horn of lateral ventricle
49
Q

What is the hydrochalus disease?

A
  • excess CSF
  • enlargement of the head
50
Q

What is merocephaly disease?

A

forebrain, midbrain, most of hindbrain is absent

51
Q

What is microcephaly disease?

A

reduction in brain growth but face is normal size

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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