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Neuroscience > Neuromuscular Junction > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards

1
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

postsynaptic signaling interpreting the transmitted signal into a change in postsynaptic Vm

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of connections within synaptic transmission?

A

axiosymatic and axiodendritic

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3
Q

What are the classes of mmebrane receptors?

A

ionotropic (ligand gated) and metabotropic (GPCR)

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4
Q

What type of response is ionotropic?

A

fast

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5
Q

What type of response is metabotropic?

A

slower and variable

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6
Q

What are the 5 ionotropic receptors?

A
  1. Ach
  2. glutamate
  3. 5-HT3
  4. GABA
  5. glycine
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7
Q

What is the Ach receptor?

A
  • receptor at neuromuscular junction
  • plays role in learning and memory
  • curare
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8
Q

What is the glutamate receptor?

A
  • NMDA, AMPA receptors
  • letamine
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9
Q

What is the 5-TH3 receptor?

A
  • all antagonists are antiemetic
  • serotonin receptor channel
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10
Q

What is the GABA receptor?

A
  • types A and C
  • causes membrane potential hyperpolarization through Cl-
  • benzodiazepines, kava, valerian
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11
Q

What is the glycine receptor?

A
  • glycine and taurine (agonist)
  • strychnine (antagonist, rat poison)
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12
Q

What are the 4 types of metabotropic receptors?

A
  1. Ach
  2. metabotropic glutamate
  3. biogenic amines
  4. GABA
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13
Q

Metabotropic receptors have what type of coupled receptors?

A

G protein

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14
Q

What type of GABA receptor is in metabotropic receptors?

A
  • type B
  • agonists: ethanol and baclofen
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15
Q

How many transmembrane segments does the receptor structure have?

A

7

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16
Q

What occurs when the G protein is activated after metabotropic receptor activation?

A
  • directly activates/deactivates channel
  • activation of effector molecule; synthesis/activation of 2nd messenger
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17
Q

What occurs when there is an activation of effector molecule synthesis/activation of 2nd messenger after metabotropic receptor activation?

A
  • increases/decreases kinase activity
  • directly activates/deactivates channel
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18
Q

What occurs when there is an increase/decrease in kinase activity after metabotropic receptor activation?

A
  • leads to phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of ion channels causing change in channel activity
  • cause increase/decrease in channel subunit/protein production
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19
Q

What are the sources of Ca+?

A
  • plasma membrane: voltage gated Ca+ channels, various ligand channels
  • endoplasmic reticulum: IP3 receptors, ryanodine receptors
20
Q

What are the removal mechanisms of Ca+?

A
  • plasma membrane: Na+/Ca+ exchanger, Ca+ pump
  • ER: Ca+ pump
  • mitochondria
21
Q

What are the sources for cAMP?

A

adenylyl cyclase

22
Q

What is the intracellular target for cAMP?

A

protein kinase A

23
Q

What is the source for IP3?

A

phospholipase C

24
Q

What is the intracellular target for IP3?

A

IP3 receptors on ER

25
Q

What is the source for diacylglycerol?

A

phospholipase C

26
Q

What is the intracellular target for diacylglycerol?

A

protein kinase C

27
Q

What are the second messengers?

A
  1. Ca+
  2. cAMP
  3. IP3
  4. diacylglycerol
28
Q

What is the G-protein, cascade, and target action for norepinephrine?

A
  • G-protein: Gs
  • cascade: adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> protein kinase A
  • target: increase protein phosphorylation
29
Q

What is the G-protein, cascade, and target action for glutamate?

A
  • G-protein: Gq
  • cascade: phospholipase C -> diacylglycerol -> protein kinase, IP3 -> Ca+ release
  • target: increase protein phosphorylation and activate Ca binding proteins
30
Q

What is the G-protein, cascade, and target action for dopamine?

A
  • G-protein: Gi
  • cascade: adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> protein kinase A
  • target: decrease protein phosphorylation
31
Q

What are EPSPs?

A

postsynaptic potentials that increase probability of causing the postsynaptic cell to fire an AP

32
Q

What are IPSPs?

A

postsynaptic potentials that decrease probability of causing the postsynaptic cell to fire an AP

33
Q

What is the relationship between EPSPs and the threshold?

A

reverse potential of induced conductance is more positive than threshold

34
Q

What is the relationship between IPSPs and the threshold?

A

reverse potential of induced conductance is more negative than threshold

35
Q

What is the affect of major excitatory neurotransmitters on postsynaptic membrane?

A

depolarization caused by activation of cationic channels (Na+ and Ca+)

36
Q

What is the affect of major inhibitory neurotransmitters on postsynaptic membrane?

A

hyperpolarization caused by activation of chloride channels

37
Q

What are examples of excitatory neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Ach
  2. glutamate
  3. serotonin
  4. histamine
  5. catecholamines
38
Q

What are examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

GABA and glycine

39
Q

What is convergence?

A

several neurons synapse onto a single neuron (input)

40
Q

What is divergence?

A

single neuron projects onto several neurons (output)

41
Q

What is summation?

A

where the efefcts of all EPSPs and IPSPs determines the excitability of the cell

42
Q

What determines the excitability of the postsynaptic cell?

A

temporal and spatial summation of EPSPs and IPSPs

43
Q

What type of senor types are activated during the stretch reflex?

A

type 1a/2

44
Q

What is the simple reflex circuit?

A

alpha neuron activation of extensors/quads interneuron-mediated inhibitory inactivation of flexors/hamstrings

45
Q

What is a patellar reflex?

A

diagnosing lower motor neuron (L2,L4) diseases

46
Q

What is afferent?

A

carries info from sensory receptors to CNS

47
Q

What is efferent?

A

carry motor info. away from CNS to muscles and glands of body

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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