The Appendicular: Upper Limb Flashcards
Trapezius
- origin: occipital bone, spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: clavicle and scapula
- action: elevates, retracts, and depresses scapula, extends neck
Levator scapulae
- origin: transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae
- insertion: scapula
- action: elevate scapula
- shrugging of shoulders
Rhomboid major and minor
- origin: spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: medial edge of scapula
- action: retraction of scapula
Serratus anterior
- origin: anterior aspect of ribs
- insertion: anterior aspect of scapula
- action: protract scapula (hold it against thoracic cage)
Deltoid
- origin: clavicle, spine of scapula
- insertion: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
- action: abduct, flex and medically rotate, extend and laterally rotate
Rotator Cuff: Supraspinatus
- origin: scapula (supraspinous fossa)
- insertion: humerus (greater tubercule/posterior aspect)
- action: abduct arm
Rotator Cuff: Infraspinatus
- origin: scapula (infraspinous fossa)
- insertion: humerus (greater tubercle/posterior aspect)
- action: laterally rotate arm
Rotator Cuff: Subscapularis
- origin: scapula
- insertion: humerus (lesser tubercule)
- action: medially rotate arm
Rotator Cuff: teres major
- origin: scapula
- insertion: humerus (anterior aspect)
- action: extend and medially rotate arm
Latissimus Dorsi
- origin: spinous processes of vertebrae
- insertion: humerus
- action: extend, adduct, medially rotate arm
- handcuffs
Pectoralis major
- origin: clavicle and sternum
- insertion: humerus
- action: flex, adduct, medially rotate
Flexor compartment: biceps brachii
- origin: coracoid process of scapula (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
- insertion: radius
- action: flex arm, flex and supinate forearm (palms facing up)
Flexor compartment: coracobrachialis (deep to short head of biceps brachii)
- origin: coracoid process of scapula
- insertion: humerus
- action: flex, adduct arm
Flexor compartment: Brachialis (deep to muscle belly of biceps brachii)
- origin: humerus
- insertion: ulna
- action: flex forearm
Extensor compartment : triceps brachii
- origin: humerus and scapula
- insertion: olecranon process of ulna
- action: extend arm
Superficial Flexor Compartment: flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis
- origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- insertion: varies — lateral side of wrist, medial side of wrist, digits
- action: flex wrist and digits, pronate forearm (palms facing down)
Extensor compartment of forearm: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: varies
- action: extend wrist and digits, supinate forearm
Hypothenar muscles
- origin: -
- insertion: phalanges of the fifth digit
- action: act on the fifth digit: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Thenar muscles
- origin: -
- insertion: phalanges of the pollux
- action: act on the thumb: flexion, abduction, adduction, extension, opposition
Palmar interossei
- origin: metacarpals
- insertion: proximal phalanges
- action: adduct digits 2-4
Dorsal interossei
- origin: metacarpals
- insertion: proximal phalanges
- action: abduct digits 2-4
Compartments of the arm
Flexor compartment (anterior): biceps brachii, brachialis, brachial artery and median nerve
Extensor compartment (posterior): triceps brachii
Compartments of the forearm
- lateral compartment: brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis brevis
- superficial flexor compartment: flexor digitorum superficialis
- deep flexor compartment: flexor digitorum profundus
- extensor compartment: extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum
