Female Genital Tract

Question 1

Primary Sex Organs and Product

Answer 1

• sex organs = gonads = ovaries
• product = gametes (egg)

Question 2

ovary

Answer 2

• where ova are produced and mature

Question 3

uterine tube

Answer 3

• that transports ova to uterus

Question 4

uterus

Answer 4

• that potentially houses developing uterus

Question 5

Vagina

Answer 5

• for copulation, passage of menses, birth canal

Question 6

Clitoris, labia majora, and labia minora

Answer 6

Question 7

Where is the ovary found?

Answer 7

• abdominal cavity

Question 8

How do the ovaries attach to the walls of pelvic cavity?

Answer 8

• suspensory ligament

Question 9

How do the ovaries connect to the uterus?

Answer 9

• ovarian ligament

Question 10

Ovaries are suspended by what?

Answer 10

• broad ligament

Question 11

Ovary - Histology

Answer 11

• surrounded by germinal epithelium (single layer)and cortex of connective tissue
• inner medulla of thousands of ovarian follicles at different stages of development

Question 12

Oogenesis

Answer 12

• counterpart to spermatogenesis
• production of oocyte from oogonium
• happens before birth

Question 13

Ovarian Cycle

Answer 13

1. follicular cells enlarge and increase in number; secrete estrogen
2. follicular cells produce fluid, enlarge more
3. follicular cells continue to grow, bulge from surface of ovary, produce cavity called antrum (where fluid connects)
4. ovulation = gamete released into peritoneal cavity
5. follicular cells form scar-like formation called corpus luteum (secretes progesterone to prepare uterus to support potential pregnancy)
6. corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans if no fertilization

Question 14

fimbriae

Answer 14

• located on infundibulum guide to uterine tube
• guides egg from the ovary to the uterus

Question 15

where is the ovum ovulated?

Answer 15

• peritoneal cavity

Question 16

ampulla

Answer 16

• curved region where fertilization takes place
• sperm has to make it all the way to the ampulla

Question 17

Isthmus

Answer 17

• narrow part

Question 18

Intramural part

Answer 18

• where it is within the walls of the uterus

Question 19

Fundus

Answer 19

• rounded part superior to uterotubal junction

Question 20

Cervix

Answer 20

• inferior part that projects into the vagina

Question 21

Endometrium

Answer 21

• inner layer
• Basal layer of endometrium is permanent
• Functional layer is responsive to hormones and sloughed off during menses

Question 22

Myometrium

Answer 22

• thick muscular layer
• contracts to expel the endometrium

Question 23

Perimetrium

Answer 23

• outter serosa
• conective tissue and simple squamous epithelium

Question 24

1st step of uterine cycle: proliferative phase

Answer 24

• Estrogen secreted by follicular cells leads to repair and regeneration of endometrium

Question 25

2nd step of uterine cycle: secretory phase (AKA progestational phase)

Answer 25

• begins at ovulation; under influence of progesterone; buildup of endometrium
• corpus luteum and ovaries secreting that progesterone
• build up in case of baby

Question 26

3rd step of uterine cycle: menstrual phase

Answer 26

• occurs when corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone.
  Endometrium sloughs away.
• turns into corpus albicans

Question 27

Reproductive Tract: Vagina

Answer 27

• thin-walled passage
• receives cervix
• lined by stratified squamous epithelium
• lots of things passing in and out

Question 28

mons pubis

Answer 28

• is a round, hair-bearing elevation of skin anterior to pubis

Question 29

labia majora

Answer 29

• are bilateral folds hairy cutaneous swellings extending posteriorly from the mons pubis

Question 30

labia minora

Answer 30

• are smaller, hairless folds bounding the vestibule

Question 31

vestibule

Answer 31

• is a smooth, triangular area bounded laterally by labia minora

Question 32

clitoris

Answer 32

• has a shaft and two crura (homologous to corpus cavernosum of penis)

Question 33

bulbs of the vestibule

Answer 33

• lie to either side of vestibule (Homologous to root and corpus vestibule during arousal spongiosum of penis)

Question 34

great vestibular glands

Answer 34

• secrete mucus into vestibule during arousal

Question 35

stimulation and erection

Answer 35

• Pudendal nerve provides sensory input from genitals to CNS
• Parasympathetic nerves cause relaxation of arterial smooth muscle in erectile bodies and secretion from greater vestibular glands/bulbourethral glands
• Erectile bodies become engorged with blood due to relaxation of arterial smooth muscle (parasympathetic)
• Veins get compressed due to increased blood in erectile body
• Perineal muscles contract, raising pressure in the erectile bodies even more

Question 36

orgasm

Answer 36

• somatic response: rhythmic contraction of pelvic and perineal muscles
• remission/detumescence: constriction of arterial vessels