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Nurs 252 > The Abdomen > Flashcards

The Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lines alba

A

Jointing point of the abdominal muscles
-midline seam

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2
Q

What are solid viscera

A

Organs that maintain a characteristic shape

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3
Q

What are examples of solid viscera

A

Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries and uterus

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4
Q

What are the hollow viscera

A

Organs in which shape depends on the contents within

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5
Q

Examples of hollow viscera

A

Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon

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6
Q

What is the width of the spleen along the ribs?

A

Extends 7cm from the ninth to eleventh rib

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7
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

The left- at eleventh and twelfth ribs

The right- 1 to 2cm lower than the left kidney, and sometimes palpable

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8
Q

What is within the right upper quadrant

A

-liver
-gallbladder
-head of pancreas
-right kidney and adrenal gland
-parts of ascending and transverse colon

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9
Q

What is within the left upper quadrant

A

-stomach
-spleen
-left lobe of liver
-splenic flexure of colon
-parts of transverse and descending colon

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10
Q

What is within right lower quadrant

A

-cecum
-appendix
-right ovary and fallopian tube
-right ureter
-right spermatic cord

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11
Q

What is within left lower quadrant

A

-part of descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-left ovary and

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12
Q

In newborns where does the umbilical cord show

A

Prominently on the abdomen

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13
Q

Infants: umbilical cord contains

A

Two arteries and one vein

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14
Q

Infants: liver

A

Takes up proportionately more space in the abdomen at birth than later in life

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15
Q

Infants: can palpate lower edge of the liver

A

0.5 to 2.5cm below right costal margin

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16
Q

Infants: urinary bladder

A

Located higher in the abdomen
-between symphysis and umbilicals

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17
Q

Infants: abdominal wall

A

Less muscular, organs are easier to palpate

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18
Q

Children: gastroenteritis

A

<1 increased risk for dehydration due to small body weights, and higher turnover of water/electrolytes

19
Q

Children: clinical dehydration signs

A

Increased risk for progression to shock
-altered responsiveness (irritability, lethargy)
-sunken eyes
-tachycardia
-tachypnea
-reduced skin turbot

20
Q

Pregnant women: morning sickness

A

Nausea and vomiting, early sing of pregnancy
-first and second missed periods
-related to change in hormones

21
Q

Pregnant women: hormones causing morning sickness

A

-human gonadroptin

22
Q

Pregnant women: acid ingestion

A

Heartburn caused by esophageal reflux

23
Q

Pregnant women: constipation

A

elevated levels of progesterone relax all smooth muscle leading to decrease in gastrointestinal motility and emptying
-more water reabsorbed from colon

24
Q

Pregnant women: hemorrhoids

A

Constipation and increased venous pressure in lower pelvis, may lead to hemorrhoids

25
Q

Pregnant women: bowel sounds

A

Enlarging uterus displaces intestines upwards and posteriorly
-bowel sounds diminished

26
Q

Pregnant women: appendicitis

A

Pain experienced in RLQ

27
Q

Pregnant women: skin

A

Skin changes on abdomen, striae and linea nigra

28
Q

Older adults: appearance

A

-fat accumulation in suprapubic area (women due to estrogen decreased)
-fat deposits in abdominal area lifestyle related

29
Q

Older adults: salivation

A

Decreases, causing dryness of the mouth and decrease in sense of taste

30
Q

Older adults: esophageal emptying

A

Delayed, feeding in supine position increases risk for aspiration

31
Q

Older adults: gastric acid secretion

A

Decreases, absorption of PO medication can be impaired or delayed
-pernicious anemia, iron deficiency, or malabsorption of calcium

32
Q

Older adults: dehydration

A

Ability to conserve water is reduced, including temperature and thirst adaptation

33
Q

Older adults: liver

A

Size decreased with age
-metabolism decreases
-predictability of adverse/beneficial effects of drugs are less

34
Q

Older adults: renal function

A

Decreases, inc risk for AE or toxic med effects

35
Q

Older adults: gallstones

A

Increase

36
Q

Older adults: constipation

A

Decreased mobility, pathological conditions (hypothyroidism, AE med effects, poor dietary habits), lifestyle problems, poly pharmacy

37
Q

Medications associated with constipation include

A

Opioids, NSAIDs, antacids with aluminum or calcium, anticholinergics, diuretics, CCBs, Ca, Fe

38
Q

Pyrosis

A

Burning sensation in esophagus and stomach caused by reflux of gastric acid
-heartburn

39
Q

Excessive bleaching

A

May occur with food intolerance, or hiatal hernia

40
Q

Different types of abdominal pain

A

Visceral - internal organ, dull/generalized/poorly localized

Pariepetal - inflammation, sharp/localized/aggravated by movement

Referred - disorder in another site

41
Q

Hematesis

A

Blood in vomit
-occurs with stomach or duodenal ulcers, esophageal varies

42
Q

Black and tarry stools

A

Occult blood from GI bleed

Black but not tarry - iron medications

43
Q

Grey stools

A

Hepatitis

44
Q

Red blood in stools

A

GI bleeding, localized bleeding around the anus

Nurs 252 (13 decks)

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