Eyes And Ears

Question 1

Movement of extraocular muscles is stimulated by what three cranial nerves

Answer 1

Abducens (VI) abducts the eye, moving laterally toward temple
Trochlear (IV) downward and inward toward the nose
Oculomotor (III) all other nerves, superior, inferior, medial recuts, inferior oblique

Question 2

Left optic tract has fibres only from the

Answer 2

Left half of each retina

Question 3

Right optic tract contains fibres only from the

Answer 3

Right half

Question 4

Right side of the brain looks at the

Answer 4

Left side of the world

Question 5

OA eye considerations

Answer 5

Decreased tear production = dryness and burning
-Dec elasticity of skin
-muscle atrophy
-pupil size decrease, lens loose elasticity

Question 6

Presbyopia

Answer 6

Lens ability to change shape and accommodate is decreased
-around 40 YOA

Question 7

Macular degeneration

Answer 7

Break down of cells in macula of retina
-loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness
-AMD (age related macular degeneration)

Question 8

Cataract formation

Answer 8

Lens opacity
-clumping of proteins in the lens

Question 9

Glaucoma

Answer 9

Increased intraocular pressure, damaged optic nerve

Question 10

Snellen eye chart

Answer 10

Has lines of letters arranged in decreasing size

Question 11

Confrontation test

Answer 11

Measures peripheral vision

Question 12

Cover uncover test

Answer 12

Detects small depress of deviated alignment
-normal response should be a steady fixed gaze

Question 13

Anisocoria

Answer 13

Unequal pupil size
-CNS disease

Question 14

Monocular blindness

Answer 14

No response in eyes to light being shone

Question 15

Miosis

Answer 15

Constricted and fixed pupil
-use of narcotics, drops for glaucoma or pons damage

Question 16

Mydriasis

Answer 16

Dilated and fixed pupils

Question 17

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 17

Pupils have no reaction to light but do constrict with accommodation
-CNS syphilis, brain tumour, miningits, alcolhis,

Question 18

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

Answer 18

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

Question 19

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

Answer 19

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

Question 20

Cranial nerve III damage (oculomotor)

Answer 20

Unilateral pupil dilation with no reaction to light or accommodation
-eye diabetes downward

Question 21

Horners syndrome

Answer 21

Lesion of sympathize nerve, unilateral, small regular pupil that does not react to light and accommodation

Question 22

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 22

Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear

Question 23

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 23

Signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or auditory areas of cerebral cortex

Question 24

Mixed loss

Answer 24

Is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

Question 25

Women who are pregnant—> eye considerations

Answer 25

-eyes can be more dry

Question 26

Newhorns and infants eyes

Answer 26

Should be able to blink, follow objects with eyes

Question 27

OA and eyes

Answer 27

Drooping eyelids, change in curvature, eyes sit deeper, conjunctiva is thinner and may appear yellow

Question 28

Acute assessments of the eye

Answer 28

Change in vision (loss), or double vision, blurring

Question 29

Rapid assessment of the eye

Answer 29

-foreign bodies
-lacerations
-hyphema
-test extraocular movements

Question 30

Flashing lights vs floaters

Answer 30

Floaters - see my eyelashes, or ameoba (NORMAL)

Flashing lights- NOT NORMAL

Question 31

History needed for health history of infants and children

Answer 31

-vaginal infection during delivery
-developmental milestone
-routine vision testing

Question 32

Infants and children’s consideration (ONE THING)

Answer 32

Children are unsure of vision or hearing problems and don’t mention them, so routine tests area valuable

Question 33

T/f in dark skinnned people the sclera is often yellow

Answer 33

False, tiny brown patches or greyish blue

Question 34

Visual field to confrontation

Answer 34

-need to be close and at the same level
Stage one: is any bit of my face missing
Stage two: covering each eye
Stage three: covering one eye, moving white target and reporting when they can see it
Stage four: blind spot