Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 252 > Eyes And Ears > Flashcards

Eyes And Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of extraocular muscles is stimulated by what three cranial nerves

A

Abducens (VI) abducts the eye, moving laterally toward temple
Trochlear (IV) downward and inward toward the nose
Oculomotor (III) all other nerves, superior, inferior, medial recuts, inferior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Left optic tract has fibres only from the

A

Left half of each retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Right optic tract contains fibres only from the

A

Right half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Right side of the brain looks at the

A

Left side of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OA eye considerations

A

Decreased tear production = dryness and burning
-Dec elasticity of skin
-muscle atrophy
-pupil size decrease, lens loose elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Presbyopia

A

Lens ability to change shape and accommodate is decreased
-around 40 YOA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Break down of cells in macula of retina
-loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness
-AMD (age related macular degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cataract formation

A

Lens opacity
-clumping of proteins in the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure, damaged optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Snellen eye chart

A

Has lines of letters arranged in decreasing size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Confrontation test

A

Measures peripheral vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cover uncover test

A

Detects small depress of deviated alignment
-normal response should be a steady fixed gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size
-CNS disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monocular blindness

A

No response in eyes to light being shone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted and fixed pupil
-use of narcotics, drops for glaucoma or pons damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated and fixed pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Pupils have no reaction to light but do constrict with accommodation
-CNS syphilis, brain tumour, miningits, alcolhis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

A

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

A

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cranial nerve III damage (oculomotor)

A

Unilateral pupil dilation with no reaction to light or accommodation
-eye diabetes downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Horners syndrome

A

Lesion of sympathize nerve, unilateral, small regular pupil that does not react to light and accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or auditory areas of cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mixed loss

A

Is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Women who are pregnant—> eye considerations

A

-eyes can be more dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Newhorns and infants eyes

A

Should be able to blink, follow objects with eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

OA and eyes

A

Drooping eyelids, change in curvature, eyes sit deeper, conjunctiva is thinner and may appear yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acute assessments of the eye

A

Change in vision (loss), or double vision, blurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rapid assessment of the eye

A

-foreign bodies
-lacerations
-hyphema
-test extraocular movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Flashing lights vs floaters

A

Floaters - see my eyelashes, or ameoba (NORMAL)

Flashing lights- NOT NORMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

History needed for health history of infants and children

A

-vaginal infection during delivery
-developmental milestone
-routine vision testing

32
Q

Infants and children’s consideration (ONE THING)

A

Children are unsure of vision or hearing problems and don’t mention them, so routine tests area valuable

33
Q

T/f in dark skinnned people the sclera is often yellow

A

False, tiny brown patches or greyish blue

34
Q

Visual field to confrontation

A

-need to be close and at the same level
Stage one: is any bit of my face missing
Stage two: covering each eye
Stage three: covering one eye, moving white target and reporting when they can see it
Stage four: blind spot

35
Q

Almost in the centre the ___ is where the first ossicle is attached

A

Umbo

36
Q

Pars flaccida versus the pars tensa

A

Flaccida- small slack superior section of the membrane

Tensa- remainder of the membrane, thicker and tauter

37
Q

What allows for equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane

A

Eustachian tube

38
Q

The six muscles of the eye are innervated by

A

Cranial nerves III and IV and VI

39
Q

Three layers of eye

A

Sclera - protective layer, contains: cornea, iris and pupil

Choroid- vascular layer containing collars body, iris

Retina- visual receptive layer, ligh waves are changed into nerve impulses

40
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina

41
Q

Fixation

A

Reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a persons attention

42
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment of the eye for near vision, using ciliary muscle movement

43
Q

Eye function at birth

A

Limited eye function
-peripheral vision is intact
-macula absent
-eye movement poorly coordinated

44
Q

The eyeball reaches adult size by

A

Age 8 years

45
Q

Eye functions with again

A

-decreased tear production
-pupil size decreases = presbyopia
-senile cataract
-diminished visual acuity

46
Q

Three most common causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults

A

-cataracts
-glaucoma diabetic retinopathy
-macular degeneration

47
Q

Testing subjective data of the eye

A

-vision difficulty
-eye pain
-diploia
-redness or swelling
-watering or discharge
-ocular problems
-glaucoma

48
Q

To obtain objective data first test

A

Central visual acuity
-Shellen or other eye chart
-if over 40 test near vision

49
Q

Asses visual fields by using the

A

Confrontation test

50
Q

Asses extraocular msucle function by

A

Assessing the corneal light reflex
-hirschberg test
-cover uncover test
-diagnostic position test

51
Q

Observe optic disc

A

Color, shape, margins, and cup to disc ratio

52
Q

Asses the retinal vessels

A

Number, color, calibre, arteriovenous crossings, artery vein ratio, tortusity and pulsations

53
Q

Hearing involves

A

Auditory system at the peripheral level, brain stem and cerebral cortex

54
Q

The ear transmit sound and converts

A

It’s vibrations into electrical impulses which are analyzed by the brain

55
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear
-increased amplitude can cause person to hear

56
Q

Example of conductive hearing loss

A

Cerumen buildup and otosclerosis

57
Q

Sensorineural or perceptive hearing loss

A

Pathological condition of cranial verve VIII

58
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age related gradual determination of the nerve may be the cause

59
Q

Mixed hearing loss

A

Conductive and sensorineural

60
Q

Vertigo occurs from

A

Inflammation of semicircular canals

61
Q

Infants hearing

A

Eustachian tube is short, wide and more horizontal
-pathogens can migrate to middle ear from Nasopharynx

62
Q

In adults younger than 40 what is a common cause of conductive heating loss

A

Ostosclerosis

63
Q

In older adults hearing acuity may be decreased because of

A

Coarse and stiff cilia lining the ear, impacted cerumen and nerve degeneration

64
Q

Cover uncover test

A

Test for lazy eye
-one eye drifts off and there will be movement
-cover one eye, check for movement in the other

65
Q

Corneal light reflex

A

Screening in younger
-baby look ahead
-penlight shine in eyes to the side

There should be a “anime” glimmer in eyes

66
Q

Pupillary light reflex and accommodation

A

Shine light on eye to see constriction
-don’t see response = maybe not dark enough

67
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils equal round reactive light accommodation

68
Q

Cardinal position

A

Eyes trace all six positions
-checking extraocular muscular function as well as III, VI and IV CN

69
Q

Assessment of retinal vessels

A

Arteries: brighter, thinner, shine with light reflect
Vein: dimmer, bigger, do not shine

-come in pairs, but should not cross

70
Q

what are we assessing in fundus

A

Background color

71
Q

Assessing ear-> always check the __ first!

A

Healthy ear first
-bc children wont let you assess again if it’s extremely painful

72
Q

Adults vs kids positioning of ear

A

Adults - up and back

Kids- straight down
-due to change in shape, and euschian tube (easier to get ear infection)

73
Q

Normal tympanic membrane looks

A

Grey, shine, translucent

74
Q

Strabismus

A

Weakness of extraocular muscles

75
Q

Symptoms of xerostomia

A

Dry mouth
-decreased taste, lubrication
-hard to swallow
-erosion of hard enamel

76
Q

Rhinitis

A

Nostril swelling

77
Q

Rhinitis

A

Nostril swelling

Nurs 252 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions