Nose, Mouth And Throat Flashcards
What is the first part of the respiratory system? What is its function?
Nose
-warms, moistens and filters inhaled air
-organ of smell
The nose is innerverted by
Cranial nerve I
Externally the nose is shaped like a triangle, what does it consist of?
-bride
-tip
-two nares
-columella that divides the nares
-two alae (wings at each side of nose)
Internal the nose extends into
The nasal cavity
-back over the roof of the mouth
What lines the cavity’s anterior edge to filter coarse matter from inhaled hair
Nasal hairs
What do ciliated mucus membranes do?
Line the rest of the cavity and filter dust and bacteria
Nasal mucosa
Has a rich blood supply, which warms inhaled air and is redder than the oral mucosa
Septum divides
The nasal cavity into two air passages
Anterior septum holds
Kiesselbachs plexus
-most common site of nose bleeds
The superior, middle and inferior turbinates
Bony projections that help warm, humidify and filter inhaled air
Under each turbinate is a
Meatus
The sinuses drain into the
Middle meatus
The nasolacrimal ducts drain into the
Inferior meatus
Paranasal sinsues
Are filled pockets in the cranium
-lighten the weight of the skull
-sound resonators
-provide mucus
What two sinuses are accessible to examination
Frontal and maxillary sinuses
What sinuses are unable to examine
Ethmoid and sphenoid
Oral cavity includes
Tongue, 32 teeth, gums, uvula, salivary glands
Three salivary glands
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Oropharynx
Separated from mouth by folds of tissues on each side (anterior tonsillar pillars)
Behind the anterior tonsillar pillars are
The tonsils
-masses of lymphoid tissue
Nasopharynx is continuous with
The oropharynx
Nasopharynx contains
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and Eustachian tube openings
Developmental changes of children
-By 2 1/2 years children have 20 deciduous teeth
-lost between 6 and 12 replaced by permanent teeth
Developmental changes : pregnant women
Nasal stuffiness and epistaxis, gums may also be hyperaemic and softened
Developmental changes: older adults
Loss of subcutaneous fat may make the nose appear more prominent
-decreased sense of smell, taste
-tooth loss (risk of nutritional deficits)
Subjective data needed about nose
-nasal discharge
-frequent colds, URT infections
-sinus pain
-trauma
-nosebleeds
-allergies
-altered sense of smell
Subjective data about mouth and throat
-sores lesions in mouth tongue or gums
-sore throat
-bleeding gums
-toothache
-sugar consumption
-teeth grinding
-hoarseness
-dysphasia
-sense of taste
-smoking or alcohol
How many permanent teeth do adults have
32
Strophic tissues ___ easily, increasing older adults risk for
Ulcerate easily
-thrush or candidiasis
Malocclusion
If tooth loss occurs the remains teeth drift causing upper or lower incisors to protrude
What ethnic group has a higher occurrence of cell lip and combine clef palate?
Indigenous people
What is leukoedema? And what ethnic group is it most found in?
A greyish white benign lesion occurring on baccalaureate mucosa
-African descent
Epistaxis
Nosebleeds
Allergic rhinitis
Seasonal allergies
Epstein pearls
Normal finding in newborns and infants
-small retention cysts and disappear in first few weeks
Angular cheilitis
Scaling and painful fissures at corner of the mouth occur with excess salivation and candida infection
Epulitis
Gum overgrowth of teeth
Infants and children are obligatory
Nose breathers
-may need surgical procedure as this is IMPORTANT
Milia
Little white dots normally found on infants
All baby teeth by…
2 1/2
Haven’t lost all teeth by…. Dentist pulls them out
13
What accompanies OA mouth changes
Malnutrition
-as eating becomes less inviting
Acute assessment
-nosebleed
-trauma
-difficulty swallowing
-throat swelling
-jaw pain
Transillumination
Shining a light so it shines up underneath the eyebrow
-illuminates the sinus cavity
Shine on face, open mouth, shines through the mouth 768586587ui
