Textiles Flashcards
1
Q
what is is sportswear usually made of and why
A
- Polyester as its strong and dries very quickly and is resistant to abrasion meaning it can be used intensively
- elastene as its very stretchy and not absorbent
- polyamide - is an insulator and is easy to wash
2
Q
what are furnishings usually made of and why
A
- cotton - resistant to abrasion so won’t wear thin easily
- acrylic -soft and warm, cosy, resistant to fading, so will stay good looking for long
- wood - strong and warm
3
Q
what is flame retardance
A
- treatments to make fabrics less likely to catch fire
- used on flammable fibres like cotton such as :
- work wear for welders as they deal with hot metals and flames
- racing drivers overalls
- night clothes
- soft furnishings
4
Q
benefits of using fire retardant
A
makes fabric slightly stiffer
fabric is still soft and cheap to produce
5
Q
disadvantages of flame retardance
A
makes the fabric stiffer
can be washed out, so care is needed when washing
6
Q
how can fabrics be made stain resistant
A
- treating it with a mixture of silicone and fluorine compounds
- these treatments stop grease and dirt from penetrating the fabric
7
Q
what is rot proofing
A
- applying a waterproof treatment such as PVC to the fabric
8
Q
examples of water resistant finishes on fabrics
A
- chemicals can be applied to fabric surfaces to stop water droplets passing through
- nylon is often given a water resistant finish and is used to make coats and tents
9
Q
what are laminated fabrics
A
fabrics made up of two or more layers stuck together
10
Q
features of lamination
A
- could add insulation or strength, could protect from an outer layer
- waterproof
11
Q
what is the thickness of fabric measured in
A
ply
12
Q
features of zips
A
- can be made out of plastic or metal
- can be big and bulky or small and concealed
- some zips are fixed at one end, some aren’t
- zips with two sliders can be opened in both directions
13
Q
advantages of zips
A
- secure fastening
- quick todo up and undo
- theyre hard wears wearing and can washed
14
Q
disadvantage of zips
A
they can snag delicate fabrics
15
Q
velcro advantages and disadvantages
A
- safe and soft
- can be machine washed
- hard wearing
- hooks collect fibres over time and become less sticky
- not very decorative
16
Q
advantages of toggles and buttons
A
- easy to attach
- colours can match or contrast with the fabric
- they can fall off(chocking hazard on child)
- they can be damaged in the wash
17
Q
scissors used for fabrics
A
- paper scissors to cut out patterns
- dressmaking scissors (fabric shears) to cut out fabrics - long sharp blades
- embroidery scissors for more delicate jobs like snipping threads - they have short and sharp blades
- pinking shears to cut fabrics with a zigzag edge to prevent fabric from fraying
18
Q
what tools are used for sewing
A
- pins to hold the fabric together before stitching to keep your fingers away from needle
- needles for hand stitches
19
Q
what tools are used for measuring and marking out fabrics
A
- flexible measuring tapes to accurately follow curved surfaces
- tailors chalk and pattern masters to help draw and mark out patterns
20
Q
what tools are used for pressing fabrics
A
- dry irons use heat and pressure to press creases out of fabric and flatten seams
- steam irons are more effective and use water and steam as well as heat and pressure
21
Q
what else can irons be used for
A
- apply designs from transfers onto fabric
- to fix designs done with fabric crayons or pens
22
Q
ways of joining fabrics
A
- pinning - involves putting pins at right angles and removing the pins as you come to them
- tracking - holds fabric together more securely than pinning
- sewing - hand sewing used for small, quick tasks. sewing machine used for bigger products as it ensures precision, and speed
23
Q
describe how a sewing machine forms stitches
A
- a sewing machine uses two threads, one thread on the bobbin and the other on the spool pin
- the machine interlocks both threads to form stitches
24
Q
what are overlockers
A
- to finish edges and stop them from fraying, works by using several top threads and no bobbin
- can be used to finish seam edges, to sew, trim and neaten seams
25
how is CAM involved in joining textiles
- in embroidery and knitting machines, CAD embroidery machines use CAD data to see machines
- in cutting machines, a CAM cutting machine automatically cuts out the fabric pieces, following CAD lay plan instructions
- in sewing machines, CAM sewing machines are used to carry out certain processes automatically like sewing buttonholes and attaching pockets
26
what is a seam
where two pieces of fabric are joined together
27
different types of seams that can be used
1. plain flat seam - used to join fabrics which aren’t gonna be under too much strain
2. french seam - encloses edges and are used for fine fabrics, or fabrics that are less likely to fray - strong, not bulky
3. flat felled seam - they stop edges from fraying, their strength means they’re used in hard wearing clothes like jeans. u wont use them with delicate fabrics because of the extra bulk
28
what is piping used to do
to add decoration to a seam or to strengthen a product. it stands out from the seam, adding definition
29
what is wadding
any soft material used to stuff or mine something
- quilting uses wadding between two layers of fabric which are then stitched together in straight lines
30
pros and cos of quilting
- can create 3d effects
- gives warmth
- can be used at waistbands or cuffs
cons
- requires a lot of material
- time consuming
31
How do gathers work
1. knot the threads at the start
2. sew two parallel rows of stitches in the seam allowance
3. pull the threads and see the fabric along until it’s drawn to the size you want
4. if you want to fix the gathering in place, knit the threads at the end of the gathered fabric
32
how do pleats work
- allow three times the finished width of the fabric and mark the position of the pleats at even widths across the fabrics
- fold the pleats, pin them into positions, stitch across the top of them to keep them in place
- pressing gives the pleats sharp creases
33
features of natural dyes
- until 1850s, all dyes came from natural sources
- made from things like onion, betroots, tea, raspberries
34
features of chemical dyes
- colours are brighter, easier and cheaper to be made
- can repeat the exact same colour
HOWEVER
- some are toxic
- can be harmful to people and the environment
35
why are natural fibres best for dyeing
they are absorbent
36
what needs to happen to fabrics that have an uneven colour
bleach it
37
what does a mordant do
to fix the colour to the fabric
38
what is batch dyeing
involves dyeing a huge amount of fabric at a time
39
why is batch dyeing useful
allows textile manufacturers to respond quickly to orders for a specific colour of fabric
40
how does batch dyeing work
1. fabrics are initially produced and stored without dyeing
2. when a batch of coloured fabric is needed, the required amount is dyed
3. the fabric is mounted on two rollers and passed back and forth through the dye until all the dye is used up
4. the dyed material is put in a separate machine to fix the dye
41
what does it mean when dye is fixed
stopping the colour from running and to wash off excess dye
42
advantage of hand dyeing
you can add designs to the fabric using a resist
43
what is a resist
something which prevents the dye from reaching the fabric, it’s applied in a pattern before dyeing
44
how does tie dying work
1. fabric is tied with a strong or rubber band to create a resist
2. the fabric is immersed in dye
3. the dye doesn’t get to the tied areas
4. once the dye has dried and the fabric is untied, the pattern is revealed
45
pros and cons of tie dye
PROS
- every piece is unique
- equipment is cheap and readily available
CONS
- the outcome is unpredictable
- you can’t repeat a pattern exactly
- you can’t create a detailed pattern
- time consuming for large areas
46
what is the resist used in batik
hot wax
47
how does a batik work
1. the fabric is stretched across a frame. the hot wax is applied with a brush or a tjanting
2 Once the wax is dry, the dye is paintied on, or the fabric can be immersed in a dye bath
3. the wax is ironed off to reveal the pattern
48
advantages and disadvantages of batik dying
- more precise way of adding patterns to fabrics than tie dye
- patterns can be more detailed
- every products unique
DIS
- time consuming
- need to be careful when using hot wax
- can be tricky to iron all the wax out
