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DT GCSE AQA > last few topics🥳 > Flashcards

last few topics🥳 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a manufacturing specification

A
  • a series of written statements, or working drawings and sequence diagrams
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2
Q

what must a manufacturing specification include

A
  • clear construction details explaining exactly how to make each part
  • materials that will be used for each part and how much will be needed
  • what equipment is needed at each stage
  • precise dimensions of each part in millimetres
  • tolerances - the max and minimum size each part should be
  • finishing details
  • quality control instructions
  • cost - how much each part costs
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3
Q

what are spreadsheets and working drawings used for

A
  • working drawings are used to give measurements, materials and construction details
  • spreadsheets are used to work out costings
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4
Q

what do you need to think about during each stage of the manufacturing process

A
  • how long each stage will take
  • what needs to be prepared before you can start each stage
  • how you will ensure consistency and quality eg using jigs
  • how you will do quality control checks
  • what health and safety precautions you will have to take to be safe when making your product
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5
Q

what is a table or flowchart used for

A

a table or flow chart can be used to plan the work order (the sequence in which tasks should be carried out)

they can also include tools, quality control, stages, safety

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6
Q

in a chart, which part of the manufacturing process goes where

A
  • start and end go in the sausage shape box
  • processes go in the rectangular box
  • decisions go in the diamond shape box and these let you show where quality should be checked
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7
Q

features of Gantt charts

A
  • the tasks are listed down the left hand side, and the timing is plotted across the top
  • the coloured squares show how long each task takes and the order theyre done in
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8
Q

what is a prototype

A

full size, fully functioning products or systems, made using the materials and manufacturing methods that are intended for the final product

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9
Q

what do prototypes allow you to do

A
  • test the product
  • test production methods
  • check that the manufacturing spec is correct
  • can help you calculate some of the manufacturing cost
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10
Q

what costs are involved in manufacture

A
  • materials and components
  • labour
  • packaging
  • cost of new equipment
  • packaging
  • energy
  • waste disposal
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11
Q

how are prototypes evaluated

A

by checking that they meet the criteria set out in the design spec, go through these criteria one by one

  • and make sure that the prototype meets the requirements of the design brief
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12
Q

what should you do if you find that parts of your design don’t fit some points in the design spec

A

reject the part of the design that doesn’t work and justify an alternative

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13
Q

why are prototypes useful

A
  • they allow other people to try out your product
  • feedback from the client, potential customers and experts could provide additional suggestions on how you could modify your design
  • this may improve the product so that its marketable, appealing to the target market, is fit for purpose and will sell
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14
Q

what does wasting material cause

A

a loss of money

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15
Q

if manufacturers can make their products for less money, what happens

A

they can make more profit or afford to sell to us more cheaply

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16
Q

what can reduce waste

A

careful planning of where to cut and accurate marking out can reduce

17
Q

what is marking out

A

making a mark so you know where to cut, drill or assemble your material
- this helps make sure products are made accurately, consistently and to a high quality

18
Q

tools used to mark out

A
  1. a scriber is used like a pencil but scratches a mark into the metal and plastic
  2. engineers blue are dyes you put on a metal so any scribe marks can show up better
  3. pattern masters are used to help you draw paper patterns
  4. sliding bevels can be set at any angle to guide a marking knife
  5. marking knife is used to score lines in wood
  6. marking gauge scratches a line in wood parallel to an edge
  7. try square helps to accurately mark out right angles
  8. templates can be drawn round to mark the same shape and patterns can be cut around
  9. odd leg calliper marks a line parallel to an edge
  10. tailors chalk - used to transfer markings onto a fabric
19
Q

what rules should you follow when marking out

A
  • measure things twice to make mistakes less likely
  • keep marks as thin as possible to improve accuracy
  • get rid of the marks when you’ve finished so it doesn’t look untidy
  • mark on a surface the user won’t see
  • when you cut, do it on the waste side of the line so it doesn’t end up too small
  • work within tolerance
20
Q

meaning of tessellate

A

repeats of the shape fit together without any gaps or overlapping pieces
- these shapes can then be cut from sheets of material with very little waste

21
Q

what is nesting

A

when manufacturers come up with the most efficient arrangement of shapes to minimise the waste

22
Q

how to work out which arrangement is best to minimise waste

A
  • calculate the area of one shape
  • multiply this by the number is shapes you can fit onto the material
  • work out the area of the material you started with
  • subtract the amount of useful material from this to give you the amount of waste material
23
Q

how can use be CAD minimise waste

A

CAD can be used in lay planning to find an efficient way of laying out pattern pieces onto a sheet of fabric

24
Q

what other things can minimise waste

A
  • nets used to make packaging have extra flaps of material that are glued to another part of the packaging, this holds it all together
  • in clothes, extra fabric is needed for the seam allowance
  • in joints, extra material is given so there can be an overlap
25
Q

wearing protective clothing and equipment

A
  • wear face mask or goggles and protective gloves when dealing with hazardous materials
  • wear protective gloves and an apron if the tool is hot
  • noisy machinery, wear ear protection
  • cutting machines, wear chai mail gloves
  • using pins and needles, wear a thimble
26
Q

being careful with tools and machinery

A
  • have sleeves rolled back, ties tucked in, necklaces off, long hair tied back
  • don’t leave machines unattended
  • don’t use machine if you haven’t been taught how to
  • know how to switch machines off in an emergency
  • always secure work safely
  • carry and store sharp tools safely
27
Q

handling materials and waste sensibly

A
  • only use hazardous materials when necessary
  • make sure materials are safe to handle (file down rough edges before starting work)
  • when storing material, put it away safely
  • keep flammable liquids away from naked flames
  • when using toxic chemicals such as dyed and finishes, have adequate ventilation to avoid inhaling vapours
  • dispose of waste properly so it doesn’t harm the environment
28
Q

what is a risk assesment

A

a document used to identify and minimise any risks when working

29
Q

when writing a risk assessment, what should be thought about

A
  • what could be a hazard?
  • what precautions could be taken to make sure the risk is minimised?
30
Q

how are risk assesment carried out

A
  • on the product during the design process, to assess potential risks to the end user
  • by manufacturers, for the materials, chemicals and equipment that workers will have to use during the manufacture of the product
31
Q

what can you do in school to make sure the product you’re designing is safe

A
  • research your materials carefully and test them to make sure they’re suitable
  • use standard components wherever you can because these have already been tested by manufacturers
  • make prototypes and carry out real life simulations
  • get electrical items PAT tested (portable appliance test) to make sure they won’t hurt anyone if used properly
  • test products using CAD software. if you’ve selected the right materials, you can stimulate stress tests, such as how well a product will stand up to an impact

DT GCSE AQA (31 decks)

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