Material categories and properties Flashcards
what are physical properties
the traits a material has before it is used
examples of physical properties
- absorbency
- density
- thermal and electrical conductivity
- fusibility
what is absorbency
a materials ability to take in moisture
what is density
how compact a material is, its mass/volume
what is fusibility
the ability of a material to be heated and joined to another material when cooled
what is electrical and thermal conductivity
how easy it is to pass heat or electricity through a material
what are working properties
properties a material has once it has been manipulated
examples of working properties
- hardness
-toughness - strength
-malleability
-ductility - elasticity
what is hardness
the ability to withstand scratches and impact without breaking
what is toughness
a materials ability to withstand shock, hard to break
what is malleability
the ability to be bent and shaped easily
what is ductility
the ability to be drawn into wire
what is elasticity
the ability to be stretched and then return to its original shape
where does paper come from
wood pulp
properties and uses of cartridge paper
- high quality
- textured surface
- used for sketches, especially with ink and watercolour
properties and uses of layout paper
- thin
- translucent
- used for general design work, e.g - sketches
properties and uses of tracing paper
- translucent
- takes pencil well
- used to copy images
properties and uses of grid paper
- usually have a grid or isometric pattern printed on it
- useful for orthographic and scale drawings
properties of bleed proof paper
- doesnt bleed (spread out), stays put
- used when drawing with felt tips or markers
properties and uses of corrugated card
- paper bonded to the outside
- corrugations make it strong, protective and insulating
- used in packaging
properties and uses on duplex board
- Two layers of card bonded together
- different colour and texture on both sides
- stiff
- lightweight
- used in food packaging
properties and uses of foil lined board
- has a aluminium foil lining
- oil resistant
- foil keeps flavour in, air and moisture out
- used to package food
properties and uses of foam core board
- Smooth surface, laminated with white board
- thick
- rigid
- lightweight
- used for modelling
properties and uses of solid white board
- Smooth on both sides
- high quality
- stiff
- used in individual (primary) packaging
properties and uses of ink jet card
- Bright white and smooth on both sides
- used for inkjet printing, allows the printed image to be sharply defined
Properties of hardwoods
- take longer to grow
- not easily accesible
- more expensive
examples of hardwoods
oak
ash
balsa
beech
mahogany
properties and uses of oak
- tough
- strong
- durable
- attractive grain
- used in flooring, furniture, interior panelling
- corrodes steel
properties and uses of mahogany
- red brown
- durable
- easy to work with
- expensive
- used in high quality furniture
properties and uses of Beech
- pinkish brown
- hard
- can be bent using steam
- used for chairs and toys
properties and uses of balsa
- white, tan
-for a hardwood, it has a very low density and is very soft - used in modelling as it’s easy to cut and shape
properties and uses of ash
- pale, cream
- tough, absorbs shock well
- used in tool handles, sports equipment
- attractive, used for furniture
properties and uses of larch
- Pale coloured with a contrasting darker grain,
- knotty
-Durable - easy to machine
- high sap content gives it good water resistance
- used for exterior building and flooring
properties and uses of pine
- lightweight
- easy to form
- used for construction and decking
properties and uses of spruce
- easy to form
- takes stain colour well
- used for construction and furniture
what is manufactured board
a type of engineered wood that is made by binding timber waste together with adhesive
properties and uses of Medium density fibreboard (MDF)
-Smooth
- easy to finish,
- absorbs moisture so not suitable for outdoor use,
- used for kitchens and flat pack furniture
properties and uses of plywood
- easy to cut and finish
- can be stained or painted
- used for shelving, construction and toys
properties and uses of chipboard
- strong
- absorbent to water
- used for veneered worktops and flooring
what are ferrous metals
metals which contain iron, meaning they can rust
examples of ferrous metals
- low carbon steel
- high carbon steel
- cast iron
properties and uses of low carbon steel
- ductile
- tough
- easy to form, braze, weld
- used for construction
- used for bolts, nuts, bike frames
properties and uses of cast iron
- rusts easily
- its brittle if its thin
- can be cast into a mould
- used for manhole covers, pans and gates
properties of high carbon steel
- Hard-wearing, harder than low-carbon steel
- less ductile but good for making tools
- sharpens well
- used in chisels
what are non ferrous metals
metals that dont rust
examples of non ferrous metals
- aluminium
- copper
- tin
- zinc
properies and uses of aluminium
- lightweight
- strong
- ductile
- used in kitchen utensils and drink cans
properties and uses of zinc
- brittle
- average malleability and conductivity
- used to galvanise steel
properties and uses of tin
- soft and malleable
- easy to form
- used to make food cans
properties and uses of copper
- good electrical conductor
- can be polished
- welds easily
- used for plumbing parts and electrical cables
what are alloys
mixtures of metal with an element to improve its properties or aesthetic
examples of alloys
- brass
- stainless steel
- high speed steel
properties and uses of brass
- An alloy of copper and zinc
- can be cast and machined, used for musical instruments and ornamental hardware
properties of stainless steel
- An alloy of chromium, nickel and manganese
- hard and smooth
- used for cutlery and sinks
properties and uses of high speed steel
- Can be alloyed with a variety of materials for different properties
- can withstand high temperatures
- used for drill bits and saw blades
why are metals alloyed
to improve working properties and aesthetics
