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DT GCSE AQA > Material categories and properties - polymers and textiles > Flashcards

Material categories and properties - polymers and textiles Flashcards

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1
Q

what are thermoforming polymers

A

polymers that can be heated and reshaped repeatedly, they are pliable and recyclable

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2
Q

examples of thermoforming plastics

A

Acrylic (PMMA)
High impact polystyrene (HIPS)
High density polythene (HDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

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3
Q

properties and uses of acrylic

A
  • hard
  • brittle
  • shiny
  • available in wide range of colours
  • scratches easily
  • used in baths, car lights
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4
Q

properties and uses of high impact polystyrene HIPS

A
  • rigid
  • cheap
  • available in lots of colours
  • used for CD cases and yoghurt pots
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5
Q

properties and uses of High density polythene (HDPE)

A
  • stiff
  • strong
  • lightweight
  • flexible
  • used for washing baskets, chairs
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6
Q

properties and uses of Polypropylene (PP

A
  • easily coloured
  • tough and flexible
  • used for chairs and casings
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7
Q

properties and uses of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A
  • cheap
  • brittle but durable
  • used in blister packs and window frames
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8
Q

properties and uses of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

A
  • light
  • tough
  • strong
  • used for clothing and drink bottles
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9
Q

what are thermosetting polymers

A

polymers that do not change shape when heated

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10
Q

properties of thermosetting polymers

A
  • brittle
  • good insulators
  • resistant to heat and chemicals
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11
Q

examples of thermosetting polymers

A

Epoxy resin (ER)
Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
Phenol formaldehyde (PF)
Polyester resin (PR)
Urea formaldehyde (UF)

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12
Q

properties and uses of epoxy resin

A
  • rigid
  • durable
  • expensive
  • strong
  • used to bond materials and lamination
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13
Q

properties and uses of Melamine formaldehyde

A
  • hard
  • brittle
  • printable surface
  • used for picnic wear
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14
Q

properties and uses of Phenol formaldehyde

A
  • rigid
  • brittle
  • Easily injection moulded
  • good insulator
  • used for snooker balls and bottle caps
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15
Q

properties of Polyester resin

A
  • strong
  • heat resistant
  • good insulator
  • used as waterproofing and for encapsulating items
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16
Q

properties of Urea formaldehyde

A
  • heat resistant
  • brittle
  • hard
  • easily injection moulded
  • used for electrical fittings
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17
Q

what are natural fibres

A

fibres that come from plants or animals, they are renewable and biodegradeable

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18
Q

examples of natural fibres

A
  • cotton
  • wool
  • silk
19
Q

properties and uses of cotton

A
  • takes dye well
  • absorbent
  • strong
  • recyclable
  • used in clothing
20
Q

properties and uses of wool

A
  • warm
  • crease resistant
  • can be thick or coarse
  • used in clothing and carpets
21
Q

properties and uses of silk

A
  • soft
  • shiny
  • difficult to wash
  • creases easily
  • used in luxury clothing, underwear and bedding
22
Q

what are synthetic fibres

A

fibres made from non renewable coal and oil refined into polymers, and do not degrade easily

23
Q

examples of synthetic fibres

A
  • polyester
  • polyamide
  • elastane
24
Q

properties and uses of polyester

A
  • strong
  • versatile
  • holds colour well
  • washes well
  • can be woven or knitted
25
Q

properties and uses of polyamide (nylon)

A
  • shiny
  • water resistant
  • hard wearing
  • used for parachutes, sports clothing, sports equipment
26
Q

properties and uses of elastane

A
  • smooth
  • stretchy
  • Hardwearing
  • quick drying but not biodegradable
  • used in sportswear and swimsuits
27
Q

what are blended fabrics

A

mixtures of fibres which combine properties

28
Q

examples of blended fabrics and uses and properties of this fabric

A

polycotton
- easy to wash
- cheaper than cotton
- can be printed or dyed

29
Q

what are woven fabrics

A

fabrics that use a warp and weft yarn on a loom to interlock fibres.

30
Q

how to remember woven fabrics

A

woven in overlapping layers, (under one, over one)

31
Q

properties of plain weave

A
  • woven fabric
    -Simple and cheap
  • strong
  • available in different thicknesses
  • when torn it rips in a straight line
32
Q

what are non woven fabrics

A

webs of fibres that are glued, compressed or melted together

33
Q

examples of non woven fabrics

A
  • felted fabrics
  • bonded fabrics
34
Q

properties and uses of felted fabrics

A
  • available in many thicknesses
  • Formed with moisture, heat and pressure
  • can be shaped as it has no elasticity or drape
  • used for hat making
  • Randomly matted fibres, often wool
35
Q

properties and uses of bonded fabrics

A
  • often have holes at the surface
  • Does not fray as it has no grain
  • not strong
36
Q

properties of knitted fabrics

A
  • made from a variety of fibres, not just wool
  • Can be warp knitted (straight lines) or weft knitted (knitted upwards)
  • Warm,
  • stretchy
  • strong, tend to unravel when a hole is made,
  • used in clothing and sportswear
37
Q

how to remember weft knitted

A

in loops like an oxbow river

38
Q

how to remember warp knitted

A

looks like broken glasses

39
Q

how is wool made

A

(MADE FROM A SHEEPS FLEECE)
- a sheep is sheared
- the wool is then cleared and scoured to remove dry grease and sweat
- the fibres are then combed using wire rollers (this is called carding)

40
Q

how is cotton made

A

(MADE FROM THE SEED PODS OF THE COTTON PLANT)
- before harvesting, plants are treated with chemicals to make the leaves fall off
- fibres are cleaned to remove dirt
- seeds are removed
- carding

41
Q

how is silk made

A

(FROM THE COCOON MADE BY SILK WORMS)
- the cocoon protects the worm whilst it turns into a moth
- the cocoon is one long piece of silk fibre which is stuck together with a hard gum called sericin
- the gum is softened by soaking in warm water, then the filament is unwound (this is called reeling)

42
Q

what are regenerated fibres

A

fibres made from natural materials which are chemically which are chemically treated to make fibres

43
Q

examples of regenerated fibres

A

a viscose fibres which are made by dissolving cellulose in sodium hydroxide. the liquid is forced through tiny holes and hardened to form filament fibres

DT GCSE AQA (31 decks)

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