Textbook Chapter 1 pt.4 Flashcards
We humans are members of the _________ ________, a subcategory of mammals that includes Tar Sears and lemurs, old world monkeys, New World monkeys, and apes.
Primate Order
Private brands are, on average, ________ than those of animals and other mammalian orders.
Bigger
What are some characteristics of primates
1) they have excellent vision
2) eyes are positioned at the front of the face to enhance perception
3) they spend more time caring for they’re young than other animals and are very social
Humans are members of the ________ _____ family, which includes orangutans, Gorillaz, and chimpanzees.
Great ape family
Which animal has the largest brains among all primates
Apes
Apes are diurnal and have trichromatic vision, what does this mean?
Apes are diurnal which means they are active in daylight, and they have trichromatic vision, which allows them to distinguish a great variety of colors.
What is the genus Pan
The two species that are most closely related to humans, the chimpanzee and the Bonobo
What are hominins
All forms of humans, living and extinct. We are the only surviving hominin species
True or false: One of our hominin ancestors is probably an Australopithecus species
True
The first human to spread beyond Africa migrated into ______and _____. The species was named Homo erectus. These early humans had a ______ _______, overlapping inside with the measurements of present day human brain.
Europe and Africa, Large Brain
What are the three main ways to describe brain complexity
Size, number of cells, and organization
What can give us an idea about an animals behavioural complexity
Their brain size
A quantitative measure of brain size, called in encephalization quotient (EQ), is measured how?
It is the ratio of actual brain size to the expected brain size (according to the body size). The average animal has an EQ of one.
Why is counting brain cells in a brain not enough to measure behavioural capacity? What other things do you need to measure?
You need to measure the neurons packing density in the brain
What is the difference between topographic maps and connectome maps?
Tomographic maps show the function of different areas in the central nervous system, connectome maps show the connections and pathways of the central nervous system.
Catherine Milton documented the relationship between fruit foraging and larger brains, what did she find
Fruit harvesting/foraging requires good sensory skills, good motor skills, and good spatial skills, and good memory, meaning that animals who eat fruit have bigger brains
What does heterochrony study
Studies the different stages of life
Modern humans share a ________ _______with our closest living ape relatives, the _______________
Common ancestor, the chimpanzee
Modern humans evolved from a lineage in which multiple __________ species existed concurrently.
Multiple hominin species
How many rounds require about the same ______ to function
Energy
