Notes: Topic 1 pt.2 Flashcards
What is Evolution?
when a species change over time due to natural selection
What is a “Population”
a set of one species that occupies a specific geographic area
What is Speciation
A new species
What is Heredity and what is a gene
Heredity is the passing of biological traits from a parent to their offspring, a gene is a basic unit of heredity
What information about genes did Great Mendel figure out
That genes are inherited in predictable patterns and some are expressed while some are hidden (Dominant and Recessive)
What is DNA made up of
Its made up of Nucleotides (or bases)n
What part of DNA stores information
The order of the bases is the information.
What is a Mutation?
The change in a DNA sequence that occurs because of errors, the protein structure changes
What happens when there is a Bad, Neutral, and Good mutation?
Bad Mutation: Natural selection gets rid of it
Neutral Mutation: Up to chance
Good Mutation: Adaptation
What is a “Genotype”
A persons genetic makeup that tis present from birth and doesn’t change (Covert)
eg. Anijha has a versions of the dark brown hair gene
What is a “Phenotype”
Observable characteristics due to genetic makeup (overt)
eg. Anijha has dark brown hair
What are Alleles? And what are the two types?
Different versions of a gene.
Dominant allele: is shown regardless of what other allele its paired up with
Recessive: Is only shown when paired up with the same recessive allele
What are “Pleiotropy genes”?
Genes that have more than one phenotypic effect, a gene that can influence multiple traits.
What are “Polygenetic” traits?
Traits that are influenced by more than one gene, multiple genes can cause this trait.
eg. skin colour, you wont have either your moms colour or dads colour, but maybe a combination of both
what is a Modifier Gene?
A gene that can change the way a trait is expressed by turning a gene off or on to change how they’re expressed.
