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anatomy and physiology i > testing testing IV > Flashcards

testing testing IV Flashcards

Chapter 11-15

1
Q

the large commissure that connects the right and left side of the brain is called the

A

corpus callosum

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2
Q

cerebrospinal l fluid is produced by ___ and it functions to ___.

A

choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull

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3
Q

basal ganglia are located in the ___ and function to ___.

A

deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activites

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4
Q

the part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements is in the

A

cerebellum

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5
Q

the arbor vitae refer to ___.

A

cerebellar white matter

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6
Q

which brain sturcutre functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperatre?

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ___.

A

thalamus

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8
Q

mass of myelinated nerve fibers apperar

A

white

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9
Q

which of the following is not one of the three vital reflex centers of the medulla oblongata?

A

digestive center

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10
Q

the cerebrum is separated from the cerebellum by the

A

transverse fissure

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11
Q

the ___ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

A

diencephalon

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12
Q

a myelinated nerve fiber is characterized by being ___, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is characterized by being ___.

A

white, composing white matter of brain and spinal cord; gray, composing gray matter of brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

which of the following is not a function of the hypothalmaus?

A

control of postural reflexes

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14
Q

the subarachnoid space whithin the meninges contains

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

surrounds the central canal of the spinal column and holds cerebral spinal fluid

A

gray commissure

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16
Q

gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of

A

interneurons

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17
Q

most cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexuses in the

A

lateral ventricles

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18
Q

preparing the body for “fight or flight” response is the role of the

A

sympathetic division

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19
Q

sympathetic division stimulation causes ___

A

increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

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20
Q

the somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the ___, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the ___.

A

skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs

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21
Q

a sensation is ___, and projection of a sensation is the ___.

A

a feeling that results from sensory stimulation; brain causing it to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated

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22
Q

if you enter a room and smell a strong odor but the odor soon seems to fade away, you have experienced

A

sensory adaptation

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23
Q

the area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root is called a

A

dermatome

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24
Q

which of the following are generally adrenergic fibers?

A

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

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25
Q

when a spinal nerve passes through the intervertebral foramen, it is

A

associated with the vertebrae above

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26
Q

what is it called when pain seems to be coming from another part of the body rather than the part of the body sending the sensation?

A

referred pain

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27
Q

over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve ___.

A

X (vagus)

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28
Q

which of the following are paired correctly?

A

all of these are correct (chemoreceptors- chemical changes, pain receptors- damage to tissue, thermoreceptors- change in temperature)

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29
Q

which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?

A

a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells

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30
Q

mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A

olfactory

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31
Q

control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ___.

A

hypothalamus

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32
Q

which of the following is shared by all reflexes

A

a reflex arc

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33
Q

which of the following is mismatched?

A

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE

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34
Q

general senses are generally distributed in what type of pattern throughout the body?

A

widely distributed throughout the body

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35
Q

pain receptors

A

are generally stimulated by factors that can cause tissue damage

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36
Q

which of the folowing lists the part of a reflex arc in correct sequence?

A

receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

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37
Q

reflexes help to control

A

all of these are correct (heart rate, blood pressure, digestive activity)

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38
Q

a patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. this patient may have damage to which of the following?

A

olfactory nerve (I)

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39
Q

which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A

hypothalamus

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40
Q

whihf of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?

A

retina

41
Q

movement of hair cells in the semicircular canals signals

A

the direction of motion

42
Q

sound vibrations pass from the

A

auricle to external acoustic meatus to tympanic membrane

43
Q

the point at which the optic tract crosses over is called the

A

optic chiasma

44
Q

the olfactory organs function can be described as

A

all of these are correct (taste food, allowing us to experience pleasant aromas in nature, aiding in food selection)

45
Q

sound vibrations pass from the

A

malleus to incus to stapes

46
Q

which of the following is not one of the four layers of the eyelids?

A

lacrimal apparatus

47
Q

as they extend from the retina to the brain, the nerve fibers

A

form the nasal half of each retina cross over

48
Q

type of equilibrium that sense position of the head when the body is not moving

A

static

49
Q

the only neurons that are regularly repalced when damaged are associated with

A

smell

50
Q

the lens of the eye thickens when the

A

ciliary muscles contract

51
Q

the hearing receptors are most closely associated with the

A

organ of corti

52
Q

if a persons right visual cortex is damaged, the injury will most likely affect vision from the

A

medial side of one eye and the lateral side of the other eye

53
Q

steroscopic vision results when the

A

images in the eye are different

54
Q

the olfactory receptors are examples of

A

chemoreceptors

55
Q

projection of a sensation is the

A

brain causing it to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated

56
Q

which of the following receptors responds to light?

A

photoreceptor

57
Q

the somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ___.

A

regulation of activity by higher brain centers

58
Q

a sensation is

A

a feeling that results from a sensory impulse being sent to the brain

59
Q

drugs called beta-blockers ___

A

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

60
Q

there are ___ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

61
Q

visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ___.

A

visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

62
Q

nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ___.

A

afferent nerves

63
Q

where are the specialized senses found?

A

primarily in the head

64
Q

which of these is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

65
Q

problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear

66
Q

which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A

prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

67
Q

pain receptors differ from other somatic reflexes by

A

adapting very little, if at all

68
Q

the complex network of tiny islands of gray matter within the brain that acts as a filter for incoming sensory impulses is the

A

reticular formation

69
Q

the ___ of the spinal cord supply nerves to the lower limb

A

lumbar enlargement

70
Q

___ is the outermost layer of the meninges and forms the periosteum of the skull.

A

dura mater

71
Q

what is the function of cerebral association area?

A

all of these are correct (to analyze and interpret sensory experiences, memory, reasoning, and judgement)

72
Q

the consequences of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the

A

right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses orginating on the left side of the body and vice versa

73
Q

what is the name of the lobe that lies under the frontal bone?

A

frontal lobe

74
Q

the thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outer portion of the cerebrum is called

A

cerebral cortex

75
Q

which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon?

A

thalamus

76
Q

which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF

A

initiation of some nerve impulses

77
Q

if the area of the cerebral hemisphere correspodning to brocas area is damaged, what is the result?

A

motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost

78
Q

the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___.

A

prefrontal lobe

79
Q

type of receptors that do not adapt rapidly to stimulation are assoicated with

A

smell

80
Q

pain receptors

A

are generally stimulated by factors that can cause tissue damage

81
Q

taste receptors are

A

modified epithelial cells

82
Q

the transparent, anterior portion of the eyes outer tunic is called the

A

cornea

83
Q

the ___ is the colored portion of the eye

A

iris

84
Q

sound waves pass from the ___ in the cochlea

A

scala vestibuli to organ of corti to scala tympani

85
Q

which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

A

pungent

86
Q

rhodopsin is found in

A

rod cells

87
Q

type of receptors that do not adapt rapidly to stimulation are associated with

A

pain

88
Q

the brain stem consists of

A

midbrain, medulla, and pons

89
Q

a patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. however, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. it is likely that his nervous tissue damage is located at ___?

A

the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebrae

90
Q

the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___

A

parietal lobe

91
Q

___ is the outermost layer of the meninges and forms the periosteum of the skull

A

dura mater

92
Q

the meninges consists of

A

all of these (pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater)

93
Q

the subarachnoid space within the meninges contains

A

cerebrospinal fluid

94
Q

the ___ is the outer, funnel-like structure that collects sound waves

A

auricle

95
Q

the middle ear lies within the ___ bone

A

temporal

96
Q

light is refracted when it passes

A

between media of different optical densities at an oblique angle

97
Q

the ___ is the colored portion of the eye

A

iris

98
Q

taste receptors are

A

modified epithelial cells

99
Q

which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

A

contracts smooth muscles of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter

anatomy and physiology i (9 decks)

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