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Anatomy and Physiology I > testing testing III > Flashcards

testing testing III Flashcards

Chapters 8-11

1
Q

bones of synovial joint are held together by

A

a joint capsule

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2
Q

joints serve to

A

bind skeletal parts together, allow bone growth to occur, enable body parts to move

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3
Q

a movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is called

A

dorsiflexion

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4
Q

activity and exercise will affect joints by

A

keeping them functional longer

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5
Q

the rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of

A

tendons and fibrous connective tusse

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6
Q

the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as

A

slightly moveable

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7
Q

cartilaginous joints are connected by

A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

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8
Q

which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint

A

extension, adduction, rotation

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9
Q

a meniscus is part of the

A

knee joint

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10
Q

a synovial membrane

A

surrounds the synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid, is within the joint capsule

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11
Q

fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called

A

menisci

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12
Q

the coracohumeral ligament is associated with the

A

shoulder joint

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13
Q

which of the following is not a synovial joint

A

symphysis joint

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14
Q

fluid filled sac found on the outside of a joint capsule between the skin and underlying bony prominences

A

bursae

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15
Q

foot is turned so the sole is outward

A

eversion

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16
Q

threshold stimulus is defined as the

A

minimal stimulus needed to elicit a muscular contration

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17
Q

what is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle

A

tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding site on the actin molecule

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18
Q

what structure is skeletal muscle cells function in calcium storage

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

muscle fibers are basically a collection of

A

sarcomeres

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20
Q

what is the function of the transverse tubules

A

to transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior

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21
Q

neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles withint

A

motor neuron endings

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22
Q

after stimulation ceases, calcium ions leave the muscle cytoplasm by means of

A

active transport

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23
Q

the enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to

A

decompose

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24
Q

oxygen debt in muscles may develope because of

A

the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used

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25
the outermost layer of connective tissue is called the
epimysium
26
what is the transmitter substance released by nerve cells to stimulate muscle contraction
acetylcholine
27
ATP is related to creatine phosphate by
creatine phosphate supply energy to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate
28
myofibrils are composed primarily of
actin and myosin
29
which muscle type has muscle fibers branching in three dimensional networks and intercalated discs
cardiac muscle
30
which of the following major events in muscle contraction are stated properly?
actin filaments slide inward along myosin filaments
31
a(n) ___ is a small space between two neurons
synaptic cleft
32
if a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be
hyperpolarized
33
skeletal muscle contraction is under the control of the
somatic nervous system
34
most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are
multipolar
35
myeline is rich in which type of molecule
lipids
36
a nerve cell membrane may become deoplarized as a result of
some ion channels being open while others are colsed
37
neurons are ___, whereas neuroglial cells are ___.
structural and functional unit of the nervous system; supportive cells in nerve tissue
38
cluster of neuro cell bodies are called
ganglia
39
action potentials are related to nerve impulses in that
propagation of action potentials along a fiber constitutes a nerve impulse
40
the most rapid nerve impulses are conducted on fibers that are
thick and myelinated
41
the cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body provide the main receptive surface
dendrites
42
if the body had a low calcium level, then this could affect the release of neurotransmitters by
causing a decrease in the amount released from synaptic knobs
43
when a stimulus is sufficiently great enough to change the membrane potential and trigger an axon
threshold
44
when a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of
sodium ions are higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions are higher on the inside
45
the functional unit of contraction is
sarcomere
46
by product of anaerobic respiration in muscles is
lactic acid
47
the maintenance of body temperature is related to the action of skeletal muscles because
the more active they are, the more heat is released
48
what does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?
the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for total aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used
49
at the neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane is folded to form a
motor end plate
50
creatine phosphate serves to
supply energy for the synthesis of ATP
51
the first event in muscle fiber contraction is that
stimulation occurs when acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron
52
a muscle end attachment to a relatively immovable part is called the
origin
53
in which of the following is rotational movement possible
ball-and-socket joint
54
the rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of
tendons and fibrous connective tissue
55
arm is swung in a wide circle
circumduction
56
a suture is an example of a(n)
fibrous joint
57
foot is turned so that sole is outward
eversion
58
cartilaginous joints are connected by
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
59
which of the following is under voluntary control in the nervous system
skeletal muscles
60
the process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a
nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic axons to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft
61
which of the following is a difference between neurons and cells from other organ systems
neurons have nissl bodies
62
myeline is defined as
a lipoprtein in cell membrane on the outsied of axons
63
three general functions of the nervous system are
integrative, motor, and sensory
64
an aerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acids
glycolysis
65
the role of ATP in muscle contractions is to supply energy for
myosin movement
66
the sliding filament model of contraction involves
actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
67
movements permitted by the elbow joint are
flexion and extension
68
a synarthosis join is
immovable
69
decrease of a joint angle
flexion
70
the 100-meter dash is a quick and short run requiring explosive speed. on completion of the dash, the runners will continue to breath hard for several seconds to minutes even though they are no longer running. which of the following is the best explanation
the runners use of stored oxygen, glucose, and creatine phosphate is being replenished and this requires a prolonged increase of oxygen intake
71
a striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the
z-line
72
which of the following neuroglial cells lines the central canal of the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain?
ependymal cells
73
a joint capsule is reinforced by
ligaments binding articular ends of bones together
74
the functional unit of contraction is
the sarcomere
75
there is less freedom of movement in the hip joint than in the shoulder joint because
the articulating parts of the hip are held more closely together than those of the shoulder
76
the synovial membrane
surrounds the synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid, is within the joint capsule
77
a gomphosis is an example of a(n)
fibrous joint
78
the radial collateral ligament is associated with the
elbow joint
79
bones of a synovial joint are held together by
a joint capsule
80
myelin is rich in which type of molecule
lipids
81
when an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to
calcium ions
82
the process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a
nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic axons to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft
83
when a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of
sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the inside
84
the very brief moment following stimulation when a muscle remains unresponsive to additional stimulation is called the
refractory period
85
___ is responsible for degrading acetylcholine so that it does not remain in the synapse
acetylcholinesterase
86
the striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the
z-lines
87
myoglobin stores
stores oxygen in muscle cells

Anatomy and Physiology I (9 decks)

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