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Anatomy and Physiology I > testing testing III > Flashcards

testing testing III Flashcards

Chapters 8-11

1
Q

bones of synovial joint are held together by

A

a joint capsule

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2
Q

joints serve to

A

bind skeletal parts together, allow bone growth to occur, enable body parts to move

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3
Q

a movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is called

A

dorsiflexion

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4
Q

activity and exercise will affect joints by

A

keeping them functional longer

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5
Q

the rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of

A

tendons and fibrous connective tusse

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6
Q

the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as

A

slightly moveable

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7
Q

cartilaginous joints are connected by

A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

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8
Q

which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint

A

extension, adduction, rotation

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9
Q

a meniscus is part of the

A

knee joint

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10
Q

a synovial membrane

A

surrounds the synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid, is within the joint capsule

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11
Q

fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called

A

menisci

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12
Q

the coracohumeral ligament is associated with the

A

shoulder joint

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13
Q

which of the following is not a synovial joint

A

symphysis joint

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14
Q

fluid filled sac found on the outside of a joint capsule between the skin and underlying bony prominences

A

bursae

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15
Q

foot is turned so the sole is outward

A

eversion

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16
Q

threshold stimulus is defined as the

A

minimal stimulus needed to elicit a muscular contration

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17
Q

what is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle

A

tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding site on the actin molecule

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18
Q

what structure is skeletal muscle cells function in calcium storage

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

muscle fibers are basically a collection of

A

sarcomeres

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20
Q

what is the function of the transverse tubules

A

to transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior

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21
Q

neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles withint

A

motor neuron endings

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22
Q

after stimulation ceases, calcium ions leave the muscle cytoplasm by means of

A

active transport

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23
Q

the enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to

A

decompose

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24
Q

oxygen debt in muscles may develope because of

A

the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used

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25
Q

the outermost layer of connective tissue is called the

A

epimysium

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26
Q

what is the transmitter substance released by nerve cells to stimulate muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine

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27
Q

ATP is related to creatine phosphate by

A

creatine phosphate supply energy to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate

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28
Q

myofibrils are composed primarily of

A

actin and myosin

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29
Q

which muscle type has muscle fibers branching in three dimensional networks and intercalated discs

A

cardiac muscle

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30
Q

which of the following major events in muscle contraction are stated properly?

A

actin filaments slide inward along myosin filaments

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31
Q

a(n) ___ is a small space between two neurons

A

synaptic cleft

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32
Q

if a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be

A

hyperpolarized

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33
Q

skeletal muscle contraction is under the control of the

A

somatic nervous system

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34
Q

most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are

A

multipolar

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35
Q

myeline is rich in which type of molecule

A

lipids

36
Q

a nerve cell membrane may become deoplarized as a result of

A

some ion channels being open while others are colsed

37
Q

neurons are ___, whereas neuroglial cells are ___.

A

structural and functional unit of the nervous system; supportive cells in nerve tissue

38
Q

cluster of neuro cell bodies are called

A

ganglia

39
Q

action potentials are related to nerve impulses in that

A

propagation of action potentials along a fiber constitutes a nerve impulse

40
Q

the most rapid nerve impulses are conducted on fibers that are

A

thick and myelinated

41
Q

the cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body provide the main receptive surface

A

dendrites

42
Q

if the body had a low calcium level, then this could affect the release of neurotransmitters by

A

causing a decrease in the amount released from synaptic knobs

43
Q

when a stimulus is sufficiently great enough to change the membrane potential and trigger an axon

A

threshold

44
Q

when a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of

A

sodium ions are higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions are higher on the inside

45
Q

the functional unit of contraction is

A

sarcomere

46
Q

by product of anaerobic respiration in muscles is

A

lactic acid

47
Q

the maintenance of body temperature is related to the action of skeletal muscles because

A

the more active they are, the more heat is released

48
Q

what does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?

A

the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for total aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used

49
Q

at the neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane is folded to form a

A

motor end plate

50
Q

creatine phosphate serves to

A

supply energy for the synthesis of ATP

51
Q

the first event in muscle fiber contraction is that

A

stimulation occurs when acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron

52
Q

a muscle end attachment to a relatively immovable part is called the

A

origin

53
Q

in which of the following is rotational movement possible

A

ball-and-socket joint

54
Q

the rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of

A

tendons and fibrous connective tissue

55
Q

arm is swung in a wide circle

A

circumduction

56
Q

a suture is an example of a(n)

A

fibrous joint

57
Q

foot is turned so that sole is outward

A

eversion

58
Q

cartilaginous joints are connected by

A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

59
Q

which of the following is under voluntary control in the nervous system

A

skeletal muscles

60
Q

the process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a

A

nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic axons to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft

61
Q

which of the following is a difference between neurons and cells from other organ systems

A

neurons have nissl bodies

62
Q

myeline is defined as

A

a lipoprtein in cell membrane on the outsied of axons

63
Q

three general functions of the nervous system are

A

integrative, motor, and sensory

64
Q

an aerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acids

A

glycolysis

65
Q

the role of ATP in muscle contractions is to supply energy for

A

myosin movement

66
Q

the sliding filament model of contraction involves

A

actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping

67
Q

movements permitted by the elbow joint are

A

flexion and extension

68
Q

a synarthosis join is

A

immovable

69
Q

decrease of a joint angle

A

flexion

70
Q

the 100-meter dash is a quick and short run requiring explosive speed. on completion of the dash, the runners will continue to breath hard for several seconds to minutes even though they are no longer running. which of the following is the best explanation

A

the runners use of stored oxygen, glucose, and creatine phosphate is being replenished and this requires a prolonged increase of oxygen intake

71
Q

a striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the

A

z-line

72
Q

which of the following neuroglial cells lines the central canal of the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain?

A

ependymal cells

73
Q

a joint capsule is reinforced by

A

ligaments binding articular ends of bones together

74
Q

the functional unit of contraction is

A

the sarcomere

75
Q

there is less freedom of movement in the hip joint than in the shoulder joint because

A

the articulating parts of the hip are held more closely together than those of the shoulder

76
Q

the synovial membrane

A

surrounds the synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid, is within the joint capsule

77
Q

a gomphosis is an example of a(n)

A

fibrous joint

78
Q

the radial collateral ligament is associated with the

A

elbow joint

79
Q

bones of a synovial joint are held together by

A

a joint capsule

80
Q

myelin is rich in which type of molecule

A

lipids

81
Q

when an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to

A

calcium ions

82
Q

the process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a

A

nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic axons to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft

83
Q

when a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of

A

sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the inside

84
Q

the very brief moment following stimulation when a muscle remains unresponsive to additional stimulation is called the

A

refractory period

85
Q

___ is responsible for degrading acetylcholine so that it does not remain in the synapse

A

acetylcholinesterase

86
Q

the striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the

A

z-lines

87
Q

myoglobin stores

A

stores oxygen in muscle cells

Anatomy and Physiology I (9 decks)

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