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CMA > Testing/laboratory/Phlebotomy > Flashcards

Testing/laboratory/Phlebotomy Flashcards

1
Q

Random urine

A

Patient urinated in a clean, nonsterile container.

Used for screening purposes

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2
Q

First morning urine

A

Patient collects the first specimen of the morning in a clean container, it is more concentrated.
Used for pregnancy testing, or when other analytes (protein, nitrites) need to be evaluated.

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3
Q

Clean-catch midstream

A

Pt performs perineal cleaning using wipes, beings to urinate, then collects the specimen midstream in a sterile cup.
Used for cultures or when a noncontaminated specimen is desired.

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4
Q

24-hour urine specimen

A

Uses a container with preservatives. Pt discards first morning urine and collects for the next 24 hrs, including the first void of the second day.
Type of collection that is important in quantitative analysis.

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5
Q

Catheterized collection

A

Inserts a catheter when a sterile urine sample is needed and the pt is unable to provide a sample.

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6
Q

Hemoglobin (test values)

A

Males: 13 to 18 g/dL
Females: 12 to 16 g/dL

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7
Q

Hematocrit (test values)

A

Male: 42% to 52%
Female: 36% to 48%

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8
Q

Fasting blood glucose (test values)

A

Male/Female: 60 to 110 mg/dL

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9
Q

Total cholesterol (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 200mg/dL

Pt should not eat 12 hrs prior to collecting blood sample

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10
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 130mg/dL

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11
Q

High-density lipoprotein (test values)

A

Greater than 40mg/dL

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12
Q

Triglycerides (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 150mg/dL

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13
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (test values)

A

Male: 0 to 20 mm/hr
Female: 0 to 30 mm/hr

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14
Q

International normalized ratio (INR) (test values)

A

Male/Female: 0.8 to 1.2

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15
Q

Prothrombin time (test values)

A

Male/Female: 10.4 to 15.7 seconds

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16
Q

Urine pH (test values)

A

Male/Female: 4.5 to 8

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17
Q

Urine specific gravity (test values)

A

Male/Female: 1.005 to 1.030

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18
Q

Urine urobilinogen (test values)

A

Male/Female: 0.1 to 1

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19
Q

Urine-All other values (test values)

A

Male/Female: negative

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20
Q

Hyperopia

A

Difficulty seeing things close up, farsightedness

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21
Q

Myopia

A

Difficulty seeing things far away; nearsightedness

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22
Q

Presbyopia

A

Gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability to focus actively on nearby objects

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23
Q

When collecting blood cultures, what type of swabs need to be used?

A

Povidone-iodine or Chlorhexidine Gluconate swabs

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24
Q

Median cubital vein (phlebotomy)

A

Located in the center of the antecubital space, most common vein used

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25
Q

Cephalic vein (phlebotomy)

A

Located in the lateral antecubital space (thumb side)

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26
Q

Basilic vein (phlebotomy)

A

Vein located in the medial antecubital space; superficial to the brachial artery. Avoid if possible because of a nerve. (Pinky side)

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27
Q

What does inverting mean?

A

Tilting the tube upside down and returning it to its upright position 3 to 10 times depending on the manufacturer instructions.

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28
Q

Order of draw for microcapillary tubes

A
  • Blood gases
  • EDTA tubes
  • Other additive tubes
  • Serum tubes
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29
Q

Potassium (test values)

A

Male/Female: 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L

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30
Q

Sodium (test values)

A

Male/Female: 135 to 145 mEq/L

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31
Q

Red blood cell count (test values)

A

Male: 4.7 to 6.1/mm³
Female: 4.2 to 5.4/mm³

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32
Q

Platelets (test values)

A

Male/Female: 130 to 400/mm³

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33
Q

Serous (wound drainage)

A

Clear, thin, pale yellow or transparent; may be present in a healthy, healing wound

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34
Q

Serosanguineous (wound drainage)

A

Containing blood and serum; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound

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35
Q

Sanguineous (wound drainage)

A

Primarily blood

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36
Q

Purulent (wound drainage)

A

Thick, white/yellow/brown, and pus-like; may be indicative of infection. Should be cultured.

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37
Q

3 questions for venipuncture?

A
  1. Arm preference
  2. Allergy to latex
  3. Hx of fainting - if so supine
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38
Q

What does reconstitute mean?

A

Mixing a powered medication with a liquid medication

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39
Q

Subcutaneous (injection)

A

45⁰ angle
5/8 needle
23-25 gauge
1mL or less - no more!

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40
Q

Intradermal (injection)

A

10-15⁰ angle
3/8 needle
25-27 gauge
.1 mL

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41
Q

Intramuscular (injection)

A

90⁰ angle
1”-3” needle
18-23 gauge
1mL - 3mL

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42
Q

Shaking a blood collection tube causes what?

A

Hemolysis - rupture or destruction of red blood cells

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43
Q

What is the order of draw for collection tubes?

A
  1. Blood cultures
  2. Light blue (anticoagulant)
  3. Serum tubes
  4. Additive tubes
44
Q

Blood cultures are drawn for what?

A

To detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the blood

45
Q

Blood culture vials (big) & tube (small) colors?

A

Culture vials: blue, purple, pink

Culture tubes: yellow & black

46
Q

Blue, purple, & pink culture vials contain? (big bottles)

A

Culture contains enriched soybean-casin broth with CO²

47
Q

Yellow & black culture tubes contain? (Small)

A

Yellow tubes: nutrient solution

Black tubes: blood lysis solution

48
Q

2 light blue tubes are drawn for?

A

Drawn before serum tubes to prevent contamination with clot activator
For coagulation studies

49
Q

Serum tubes

A

Coated on the inside wall with clot activator, because the surface of the plastic tube does not promote coagulation.

50
Q

Serum tube colors?

A

Royal blue (non-additive)
Red
Red with yellow ring on top (SST)

51
Q

Royal blue serum (non-additive) tubes?

A

Are metal-free and mainly used for toxicology, trace metal analysis and nutritional studies

52
Q

Red serum tubes?

A

Mainly used for serology and chemistry test. Also blood banks

53
Q

(SST) serum separator tubes? Red with yellow ring

A

Contains a gel which separates the cells from the serum when the tube is centrifuged.

54
Q

Pink additive tube?

A

Testing in blood bank. Blood typing, crossmatching, and antibody screens

55
Q

Black additive tube?

A

Black Excyte ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) containing sodium citrate.

56
Q

Research kits?

A

Collected after all diagnostic labs have been obtained

57
Q

FSH (test tubes)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

SST, Red

58
Q

TSH (test tubes)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

SST, Red

59
Q

PTT (test tubes)

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time

Light blue

60
Q

ABG (test tubes)

A

Arterial blood gases

SST, Red

61
Q

CBC (test tubes)

A

Complete Blood Count

Lavender

62
Q

GC/CT (test tubes)

A

Chlamydia/Gonorrhea

SST, Red

63
Q

HGBA1C (test tubes)

A

Hemoglobin glucose testing

Lavender

64
Q

VitB12 (test tubes)

A

Vitamin B12

SST, Red

65
Q

HSV (test tubes)

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

SST, Red

66
Q

HPYLOR (test tubes)

A

Helicobacter Pylori

SST, Red

67
Q

LDL (test tubes)

A

Low density lipoprotein

SST, Red, Lavender

68
Q

HIV (test tubes)

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

SST, Red

69
Q

BMP (test tubes)

A

Basic Metabolic Panel

SST

70
Q

PSA (test tubes)

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

SST, Red

71
Q

TIBC (test tubes)

A

Total iron binding capacity

SST, Green

72
Q

LFT (test tubes)

A

Liver function Testing

SST, Red

73
Q

HBV (test tubes)

A

Hepatitis B Virus

SST, Yellow, Lavender

74
Q

Rh (test tubes)

A

Rhesus factor

SST, Red

75
Q

Blood cultures (test tubes)

76
Q

Triple screen (test tubes)

A

Panel for AFP, hCG, Estrogen

SST, Red

77
Q

BUN (test tubes)

A

Blood, Urea, Nitrogen

SST, Red

78
Q

ABO (test tubes)

A

Blood typing

SST, Red

79
Q

Hgb (test tubes)

A

Hemoglobin

Lavender, Green

80
Q

CK (test tubes)

A

Creatine kinase, total

SST, Green

81
Q

Testo (test tubes)

A

Testosterone

SST, Red

82
Q

GTT (test tubes)

A

Glucose tolerance test

Gray

83
Q

VDRL (test tubes)

A

Venereal disease research

SST, Red

84
Q

EBV (test tubes)

A

Epstein-Barr virus

SST, Red

85
Q

LH (test tubes)

A

Lutenizing hormone

SST, Red

86
Q

Hct (test tubes)

A

Hematocrit

Lavender

87
Q

MERC (test tubes)

A

Mercury

Royal blue

88
Q

HDL (test tubes)

A

High density lipoprotein

SST, Green, Lavender

89
Q

K (test tubes)

A

Potassium

Green

90
Q

DIGOX (test tubes)

A

Digoxin

SST, Red

91
Q

PT (test tubes)

A

Prothrombin

Light Blue

92
Q

Na (test tubes)

A

Sodium

Green

93
Q

VitD (test tubes)

A

Vitamin D

SST, Red, Lavender

94
Q

Meth (test tubes)

A

Methadone

Red, Lavender, Green

95
Q

Lead (test tubes)

A

Lead

Royal blue

96
Q

HCV (test tubes)

A

Hepatitis C Virus

SST, Red, Lavender

97
Q

Sickle cell (test tubes)

98
Q

ESR (test tubes)

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Lavender

99
Q

RA (test tubes)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Red, Lavender

100
Q

CMP (test tubes)

A

Complete metabolic panel

SST

101
Q

FBS (test tubes)

A

Fasting blood sugar

Gray

102
Q

Chol (test tubes)

A

Cholesterol

SST, Lavender

103
Q

BUN (test values)

A

Male/Female: 7 to 25 mg/dL

104
Q

What types of tests require the application of the chain of custody guidelines?

A

Drug screens
Forensic studies
Blood alcohol levels
Parentage testing

105
Q

What are the success maneuvers for spirometry testing?

A

Quick and forceful start
Fast and steady flow with no variability
Blow for minimum 6 seconds
No coughing during test

CMA (10 decks)

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