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Testing/laboratory/Phlebotomy Flashcards

1
Q

Random urine

A

Patient urinated in a clean, nonsterile container.

Used for screening purposes

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2
Q

First morning urine

A

Patient collects the first specimen of the morning in a clean container, it is more concentrated.
Used for pregnancy testing, or when other analytes (protein, nitrites) need to be evaluated.

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3
Q

Clean-catch midstream

A

Pt performs perineal cleaning using wipes, beings to urinate, then collects the specimen midstream in a sterile cup.
Used for cultures or when a noncontaminated specimen is desired.

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4
Q

24-hour urine specimen

A

Uses a container with preservatives. Pt discards first morning urine and collects for the next 24 hrs, including the first void of the second day.
Type of collection that is important in quantitative analysis.

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5
Q

Catheterized collection

A

Inserts a catheter when a sterile urine sample is needed and the pt is unable to provide a sample.

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6
Q

Hemoglobin (test values)

A

Males: 13 to 18 g/dL
Females: 12 to 16 g/dL

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7
Q

Hematocrit (test values)

A

Male: 42% to 52%
Female: 36% to 48%

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8
Q

Fasting blood glucose (test values)

A

Male/Female: 60 to 110 mg/dL

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9
Q

Total cholesterol (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 200mg/dL

Pt should not eat 12 hrs prior to collecting blood sample

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10
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 130mg/dL

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11
Q

High-density lipoprotein (test values)

A

Greater than 40mg/dL

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12
Q

Triglycerides (test values)

A

Male/Female: less than 150mg/dL

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13
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (test values)

A

Male: 0 to 20 mm/hr
Female: 0 to 30 mm/hr

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14
Q

International normalized ratio (INR) (test values)

A

Male/Female: 0.8 to 1.2

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15
Q

Prothrombin time (test values)

A

Male/Female: 10.4 to 15.7 seconds

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16
Q

Urine pH (test values)

A

Male/Female: 4.5 to 8

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17
Q

Urine specific gravity (test values)

A

Male/Female: 1.005 to 1.030

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18
Q

Urine urobilinogen (test values)

A

Male/Female: 0.1 to 1

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19
Q

Urine-All other values (test values)

A

Male/Female: negative

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20
Q

Hyperopia

A

Difficulty seeing things close up, farsightedness

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21
Q

Myopia

A

Difficulty seeing things far away; nearsightedness

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22
Q

Presbyopia

A

Gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability to focus actively on nearby objects

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23
Q

When collecting blood cultures, what type of swabs need to be used?

A

Povidone-iodine or Chlorhexidine Gluconate swabs

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24
Q

Median cubital vein (phlebotomy)

A

Located in the center of the antecubital space, most common vein used

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25
Cephalic vein (phlebotomy)
Located in the lateral antecubital space (thumb side)
26
Basilic vein (phlebotomy)
Vein located in the medial antecubital space; superficial to the brachial artery. Avoid if possible because of a nerve. (Pinky side)
27
What does inverting mean?
Tilting the tube upside down and returning it to its upright position 3 to 10 times depending on the manufacturer instructions.
28
Order of draw for microcapillary tubes
- Blood gases - EDTA tubes - Other additive tubes - Serum tubes
29
Potassium (test values)
Male/Female: 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L
30
Sodium (test values)
Male/Female: 135 to 145 mEq/L
31
Red blood cell count (test values)
Male: 4.7 to 6.1/mm³ Female: 4.2 to 5.4/mm³
32
Platelets (test values)
Male/Female: 130 to 400/mm³
33
Serous (wound drainage)
Clear, thin, pale yellow or transparent; may be present in a healthy, healing wound
34
Serosanguineous (wound drainage)
Containing blood and serum; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound
35
Sanguineous (wound drainage)
Primarily blood
36
Purulent (wound drainage)
Thick, white/yellow/brown, and pus-like; may be indicative of infection. Should be cultured.
37
3 questions for venipuncture?
1. Arm preference 2. Allergy to latex 3. Hx of fainting - if so supine
38
What does reconstitute mean?
Mixing a powered medication with a liquid medication
39
Subcutaneous (injection)
45⁰ angle 5/8 needle 23-25 gauge 1mL or less - no more!
40
Intradermal (injection)
10-15⁰ angle 3/8 needle 25-27 gauge .1 mL
41
Intramuscular (injection)
90⁰ angle 1"-3" needle 18-23 gauge 1mL - 3mL
42
Shaking a blood collection tube causes what?
Hemolysis - rupture or destruction of red blood cells
43
What is the order of draw for collection tubes?
1. Blood cultures 2. Light blue (anticoagulant) 3. Serum tubes 4. Additive tubes
44
Blood cultures are drawn for what?
To detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the blood
45
Blood culture vials (big) & tube (small) colors?
Culture vials: blue, purple, pink | Culture tubes: yellow & black
46
Blue, purple, & pink culture vials contain? (big bottles)
Culture contains enriched soybean-casin broth with CO²
47
Yellow & black culture tubes contain? (Small)
Yellow tubes: nutrient solution | Black tubes: blood lysis solution
48
#2 light blue tubes are drawn for?
Drawn before serum tubes to prevent contamination with clot activator For coagulation studies
49
Serum tubes
Coated on the inside wall with clot activator, because the surface of the plastic tube does not promote coagulation.
50
Serum tube colors?
Royal blue (non-additive) Red Red with yellow ring on top (SST)
51
Royal blue serum (non-additive) tubes?
Are metal-free and mainly used for toxicology, trace metal analysis and nutritional studies
52
Red serum tubes?
Mainly used for serology and chemistry test. Also blood banks
53
(SST) serum separator tubes? Red with yellow ring
Contains a gel which separates the cells from the serum when the tube is centrifuged.
54
Pink additive tube?
Testing in blood bank. Blood typing, crossmatching, and antibody screens
55
Black additive tube?
Black Excyte ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) containing sodium citrate.
56
Research kits?
Collected after all diagnostic labs have been obtained
57
FSH (test tubes)
Follicle stimulating hormone | SST, Red
58
TSH (test tubes)
Thyroid stimulating hormone | SST, Red
59
PTT (test tubes)
Partial Thromboplastin Time | Light blue
60
ABG (test tubes)
Arterial blood gases | SST, Red
61
CBC (test tubes)
Complete Blood Count | Lavender
62
GC/CT (test tubes)
Chlamydia/Gonorrhea | SST, Red
63
HGBA1C (test tubes)
Hemoglobin glucose testing | Lavender
64
VitB12 (test tubes)
Vitamin B12 | SST, Red
65
HSV (test tubes)
Herpes Simplex Virus | SST, Red
66
HPYLOR (test tubes)
Helicobacter Pylori | SST, Red
67
LDL (test tubes)
Low density lipoprotein | SST, Red, Lavender
68
HIV (test tubes)
Human immunodeficiency virus | SST, Red
69
BMP (test tubes)
Basic Metabolic Panel | SST
70
PSA (test tubes)
Prostate Specific Antigen | SST, Red
71
TIBC (test tubes)
Total iron binding capacity | SST, Green
72
LFT (test tubes)
Liver function Testing | SST, Red
73
HBV (test tubes)
Hepatitis B Virus | SST, Yellow, Lavender
74
Rh (test tubes)
Rhesus factor | SST, Red
75
Blood cultures (test tubes)
Yellow
76
Triple screen (test tubes)
Panel for AFP, hCG, Estrogen | SST, Red
77
BUN (test tubes)
Blood, Urea, Nitrogen | SST, Red
78
ABO (test tubes)
Blood typing | SST, Red
79
Hgb (test tubes)
Hemoglobin | Lavender, Green
80
CK (test tubes)
Creatine kinase, total | SST, Green
81
Testo (test tubes)
Testosterone | SST, Red
82
GTT (test tubes)
Glucose tolerance test | Gray
83
VDRL (test tubes)
Venereal disease research | SST, Red
84
EBV (test tubes)
Epstein-Barr virus | SST, Red
85
LH (test tubes)
Lutenizing hormone | SST, Red
86
Hct (test tubes)
Hematocrit | Lavender
87
MERC (test tubes)
Mercury | Royal blue
88
HDL (test tubes)
High density lipoprotein | SST, Green, Lavender
89
K (test tubes)
Potassium | Green
90
DIGOX (test tubes)
Digoxin | SST, Red
91
PT (test tubes)
Prothrombin | Light Blue
92
Na (test tubes)
Sodium | Green
93
VitD (test tubes)
Vitamin D | SST, Red, Lavender
94
Meth (test tubes)
Methadone | Red, Lavender, Green
95
Lead (test tubes)
Lead | Royal blue
96
HCV (test tubes)
Hepatitis C Virus | SST, Red, Lavender
97
Sickle cell (test tubes)
Lavender
98
ESR (test tubes)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | Lavender
99
RA (test tubes)
Rheumatoid arthritis | Red, Lavender
100
CMP (test tubes)
Complete metabolic panel | SST
101
FBS (test tubes)
Fasting blood sugar | Gray
102
Chol (test tubes)
Cholesterol | SST, Lavender
103
BUN (test values)
Male/Female: 7 to 25 mg/dL
104
What types of tests require the application of the chain of custody guidelines?
Drug screens Forensic studies Blood alcohol levels Parentage testing
105
What are the success maneuvers for spirometry testing?
Quick and forceful start Fast and steady flow with no variability Blow for minimum 6 seconds No coughing during test

CMA (10 decks)

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