Testing/laboratory/Phlebotomy Flashcards
Random urine
Patient urinated in a clean, nonsterile container.
Used for screening purposes
First morning urine
Patient collects the first specimen of the morning in a clean container, it is more concentrated.
Used for pregnancy testing, or when other analytes (protein, nitrites) need to be evaluated.
Clean-catch midstream
Pt performs perineal cleaning using wipes, beings to urinate, then collects the specimen midstream in a sterile cup.
Used for cultures or when a noncontaminated specimen is desired.
24-hour urine specimen
Uses a container with preservatives. Pt discards first morning urine and collects for the next 24 hrs, including the first void of the second day.
Type of collection that is important in quantitative analysis.
Catheterized collection
Inserts a catheter when a sterile urine sample is needed and the pt is unable to provide a sample.
Hemoglobin (test values)
Males: 13 to 18 g/dL
Females: 12 to 16 g/dL
Hematocrit (test values)
Male: 42% to 52%
Female: 36% to 48%
Fasting blood glucose (test values)
Male/Female: 60 to 110 mg/dL
Total cholesterol (test values)
Male/Female: less than 200mg/dL
Pt should not eat 12 hrs prior to collecting blood sample
Low-density lipoprotein (test values)
Male/Female: less than 130mg/dL
High-density lipoprotein (test values)
Greater than 40mg/dL
Triglycerides (test values)
Male/Female: less than 150mg/dL
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (test values)
Male: 0 to 20 mm/hr
Female: 0 to 30 mm/hr
International normalized ratio (INR) (test values)
Male/Female: 0.8 to 1.2
Prothrombin time (test values)
Male/Female: 10.4 to 15.7 seconds
Urine pH (test values)
Male/Female: 4.5 to 8
Urine specific gravity (test values)
Male/Female: 1.005 to 1.030
Urine urobilinogen (test values)
Male/Female: 0.1 to 1
Urine-All other values (test values)
Male/Female: negative
Hyperopia
Difficulty seeing things close up, farsightedness
Myopia
Difficulty seeing things far away; nearsightedness
Presbyopia
Gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability to focus actively on nearby objects
When collecting blood cultures, what type of swabs need to be used?
Povidone-iodine or Chlorhexidine Gluconate swabs
Median cubital vein (phlebotomy)
Located in the center of the antecubital space, most common vein used
Cephalic vein (phlebotomy)
Located in the lateral antecubital space (thumb side)
Basilic vein (phlebotomy)
Vein located in the medial antecubital space; superficial to the brachial artery. Avoid if possible because of a nerve. (Pinky side)
What does inverting mean?
Tilting the tube upside down and returning it to its upright position 3 to 10 times depending on the manufacturer instructions.
Order of draw for microcapillary tubes
- Blood gases
- EDTA tubes
- Other additive tubes
- Serum tubes
Potassium (test values)
Male/Female: 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L
Sodium (test values)
Male/Female: 135 to 145 mEq/L
Red blood cell count (test values)
Male: 4.7 to 6.1/mm³
Female: 4.2 to 5.4/mm³
Platelets (test values)
Male/Female: 130 to 400/mm³
Serous (wound drainage)
Clear, thin, pale yellow or transparent; may be present in a healthy, healing wound
Serosanguineous (wound drainage)
Containing blood and serum; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound
Sanguineous (wound drainage)
Primarily blood
Purulent (wound drainage)
Thick, white/yellow/brown, and pus-like; may be indicative of infection. Should be cultured.
3 questions for venipuncture?
- Arm preference
- Allergy to latex
- Hx of fainting - if so supine
What does reconstitute mean?
Mixing a powered medication with a liquid medication
Subcutaneous (injection)
45⁰ angle
5/8 needle
23-25 gauge
1mL or less - no more!
Intradermal (injection)
10-15⁰ angle
3/8 needle
25-27 gauge
.1 mL
Intramuscular (injection)
90⁰ angle
1”-3” needle
18-23 gauge
1mL - 3mL
Shaking a blood collection tube causes what?
Hemolysis - rupture or destruction of red blood cells