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CMA > EKG and Cardiovascular > Flashcards

EKG and Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic tremor (artifacts)

A

Related to muscle movement. Characterized by irregular, jagged peaks with a shifting baseline throughout the tracing.

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2
Q

AC interference (artifacts)

A

Characterized by irregular spikes and is related to poor grounding or external electricity interfering with the tracing.

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3
Q

Wandering baseline (artifacts)

A

The baseline will wander away from the center of the paper. Results from poor electrode connection, can be associated with lotions, oils, or powders on the skin.

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4
Q

Interrupted baseline (artifacts)

A

Usually related to a disconnected or broken lead wire.

When there is a break in the tracing or the tracing moves into the margins of the paper.

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5
Q

P Wave (waveform)

A

Represents atrial depolarization or contraction

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6
Q

QRS (waveform)

A

Represents ventricular depolarization or contraction (atrial repolarization is not visible but occurs during this phase)

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7
Q

T Wave (waveform)

A

Represents ventricular repolarization or relaxation

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8
Q

U Wave (waveform)

A

Represents a repolarization of the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers.
Not always visible

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9
Q

P-R interval (intervals)

A

Represents the time it takes from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization.
Starts at the beginning of P Wave and ends at the beginning of the Q wave.

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10
Q

QT interval (interval)

A

Represents the time it takes from beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization.
Starts at the beginning of the Q wave and ends at the end of the T wave.

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11
Q

ST segment (segment)

A

Represents the time from the end of ventricular depolarization to the beginning of ventricular repolarization.
Starts at the end of S wave and ends at the beginning of the T wave.

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12
Q

What should the speed be set on for an EKG machine?

A

25 mm/second

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13
Q

What leads are bipolar?

A

Lead l - records impulses L./R. Arms
Lead ll - records impulses R. Arm/L. Leg
Lead lll - records impulses L. Arm/L. Leg
Makes up the Einthovin’s Triangle

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14
Q

What leads are augmented?

A

Leads AVL, AVR, AVF

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15
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA)

A

Natural pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper right atrium

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16
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV)

A

Secondary pacemaker, located at the junction of the atria and the ventricles.

17
Q

What leads are precordial and unipolar?

A

Leads V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

18
Q

You notice a widened QRS complex on the EKG strip, what is a possible cause of this type of artifact?

A

Premature ventricular contraction

Is caused by an early contraction of the ventricles that produce a widened QRS complex artifact

19
Q

Pulmonary circuit (heart)

A

Forms a closed circuit between the heart and lungs.

Upper part of the body

20
Q

Systemic circuit (heart)

A

Carries blood away from the heart

Lower part of the body

21
Q

Interventricular septum (heart)

A

Separates the left & right ventricles

22
Q

Left atrium (heart)

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and empties into the left ventricle.

23
Q

Semi-lunar valves (heart)

A

Determines the passage of blood between ventricles & main arteries
Helps maintain pressure on major arteries
Prevents back flow from atrials to ventricles during ventricular diastole

24
Q

Aorta (heart)

A

Largest artery
Distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
Originating from the left ventricle & extending down to the stomach

25
Q

Atrioventricular valve (mitral/bicuspid) (heart)

A

Prevent blood from flowing backwards as it moves through the heart
2 flaps - left side of heart

26
Q

Atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) (heart)

A

Separates atria from ventricles
Prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole
3 flaps - right side of heart

27
Q

Pulmonary veins (heart)

A

Veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

28
Q

Pulmonary arteries (heart)

A

Artery in pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

29
Q

Inferior vena cava (heart)

A

Large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower & middle body into the right atrium

30
Q

Left ventricle (heart)

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta/body

31
Q

Right ventricle (heart)

A

Pumps blood to the pulmonary artery to become oxygenated

32
Q

Right atrium (heart)

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava then pumps into the right ventricle

33
Q

Superior vena cava (heart)

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper portion of the body to the right atrium

34
Q

Blood flows? (heart)

A

Same direction as decreasing pressure

Arteries -> capillaries -> veins

35
Q

Arteries (heart)

A

Begins with aorta

Carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart & to the bodies organs

36
Q

Veins (heart)

A

Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the vena cava’s

37
Q

What directions should the electrodes be facing on the body?

A

Downward on chest
Downward on arms
Upwards on legs

38
Q

You are preparing to calculate a pt’s heart rate from an EKG tracing. What method should you use?

A

You should use the 1,500 method to calculate one cardiac cycle.
Divide 1,500 by the number of small boxes between two R waves

39
Q

What instructions should you give a patient wearing a Holter monitor?

A
  • Avoid using electric blankets
  • Take sponge baths
  • Wear the monitor for 24-48 hrs
  • continue daily activities

CMA (10 decks)

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