Microbiology Flashcards
Cell membrane (anatomy of a cell)
Is the thin, outermost structure of human cells. It’s selectively permeable, let’s some substances in/out.
Cell wall (anatomy of a cell)
Outermost layer of the cell that maintains its shape and protects it. Human cells don’t have a cell wall, but bacteria cells do.
Nucleus (anatomy of a cell)
Nucleus is a round structure inside the cell that is usually near its center. Contains a person’s DNA.
Nuclear membrane (anatomy of a cell)
Structure that surrounds the nucleus, contains pores that allow larger compounds to move in/out of the cells nucleus.
Cytoplasm (anatomy of a cell)
It is the inside of the cell that contains other organelles that perform functions of the cells. Made of water, proteins, ions, and nutrients.
Ribosome (anatomy of a cell)
Is an organelle that contributes to protein synthesis, which is the building of proteins from their basic components, amino acids. Ribosomes support the protein chains as RNA builds them.
Endoplasmic reticulum (anatomy of a cell)
Provides networks of passageways for moving various substances within the cytoplasm.
Mitochondrion (anatomy of a cell)
Gives the cells energy. Cells have have one or more mitochondria, depending in how much energy the cell needs.
Lysosome (anatomy of a cell)
Function of the lysosome within the cell is digestion.
Centriole (anatomy of a cell)
Plays a role in cell division
A cylindrical-shaped organelle
Peroxisome (anatomy of a cell)
An organelle in the cytoplasm that contains enzymes.
Flagellum (anatomy of a cell)
A tail-like appendage that allow the cells to move on a swimming-like motion. Ex: sperm cells
Cilia (anatomy of a cell)
Hair-like projections that help move substances through various tracts and paths in the body. Ex: respiratory tract
Bacteria (micro-organisms)
Single-cell microorganism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections. It can survive
w/o other living tissue.
Viruses (micro-organisms)
Tiny micro-organism that causes many infections and diseases. Requires living tissue to survive and grow.
They are subcellular.
Fungi (micro-organisms)
Is a micro-organism that grows on/in animals and plants.
Single-cell fungi are yeasts; multi-cell varieties are spore-producing molds.
Protozoa (micro-organisms)
Single-cell parasite that can be microscopic or seen with the naked eye. Protozoa thrives in damp, standing bodies of water, such as ponds and lakes.
Coccus (shape of bacteria)
Round-shaped
Spirillum (shape of bacteria)
Spiral-shaped
Vibrio (shape of bacteria)
Shaped like a comma
Bacillus (shape of bacteria)
Rod-shaped
Multicellular parasites (micro-organisms)
Although this category doesn’t fit the definition of microbiology, these organisms cause infections and infestations. Ex: lice, bed bugs, scabies, and pinworms
Adenovirus (virus)
Pharyngitis
Droplet, direct contact
Epstein-Barr (virus)
Mononucleosis
Contact with saliva
