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CMA > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane (anatomy of a cell)

A

Is the thin, outermost structure of human cells. It’s selectively permeable, let’s some substances in/out.

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2
Q

Cell wall (anatomy of a cell)

A

Outermost layer of the cell that maintains its shape and protects it. Human cells don’t have a cell wall, but bacteria cells do.

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3
Q

Nucleus (anatomy of a cell)

A

Nucleus is a round structure inside the cell that is usually near its center. Contains a person’s DNA.

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4
Q

Nuclear membrane (anatomy of a cell)

A

Structure that surrounds the nucleus, contains pores that allow larger compounds to move in/out of the cells nucleus.

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5
Q

Cytoplasm (anatomy of a cell)

A

It is the inside of the cell that contains other organelles that perform functions of the cells. Made of water, proteins, ions, and nutrients.

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6
Q

Ribosome (anatomy of a cell)

A

Is an organelle that contributes to protein synthesis, which is the building of proteins from their basic components, amino acids. Ribosomes support the protein chains as RNA builds them.

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (anatomy of a cell)

A

Provides networks of passageways for moving various substances within the cytoplasm.

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8
Q

Mitochondrion (anatomy of a cell)

A

Gives the cells energy. Cells have have one or more mitochondria, depending in how much energy the cell needs.

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9
Q

Lysosome (anatomy of a cell)

A

Function of the lysosome within the cell is digestion.

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10
Q

Centriole (anatomy of a cell)

A

Plays a role in cell division

A cylindrical-shaped organelle

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11
Q

Peroxisome (anatomy of a cell)

A

An organelle in the cytoplasm that contains enzymes.

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12
Q

Flagellum (anatomy of a cell)

A

A tail-like appendage that allow the cells to move on a swimming-like motion. Ex: sperm cells

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13
Q

Cilia (anatomy of a cell)

A

Hair-like projections that help move substances through various tracts and paths in the body. Ex: respiratory tract

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14
Q

Bacteria (micro-organisms)

A

Single-cell microorganism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections. It can survive
w/o other living tissue.

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15
Q

Viruses (micro-organisms)

A

Tiny micro-organism that causes many infections and diseases. Requires living tissue to survive and grow.
They are subcellular.

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16
Q

Fungi (micro-organisms)

A

Is a micro-organism that grows on/in animals and plants.

Single-cell fungi are yeasts; multi-cell varieties are spore-producing molds.

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17
Q

Protozoa (micro-organisms)

A

Single-cell parasite that can be microscopic or seen with the naked eye. Protozoa thrives in damp, standing bodies of water, such as ponds and lakes.

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18
Q

Coccus (shape of bacteria)

A

Round-shaped

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19
Q

Spirillum (shape of bacteria)

A

Spiral-shaped

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20
Q

Vibrio (shape of bacteria)

A

Shaped like a comma

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21
Q

Bacillus (shape of bacteria)

A

Rod-shaped

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22
Q

Multicellular parasites (micro-organisms)

A

Although this category doesn’t fit the definition of microbiology, these organisms cause infections and infestations. Ex: lice, bed bugs, scabies, and pinworms

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23
Q

Adenovirus (virus)

A

Pharyngitis

Droplet, direct contact

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24
Q

Epstein-Barr (virus)

A

Mononucleosis

Contact with saliva

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25
Q

Hepatitis A (virus)

A

Hepatitis A

Fecal-oral

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26
Q

Hepatitis B (virus)

A

Hepatitis B

Bloodborne, sexual

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27
Q

Hepatitis C (virus)

A

Hepatitis C

Bloodborne

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28
Q

Herpes simplex (virus)

A

Cold sores, genital herpes

Contact with blister fluid, sexual

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29
Q

Human immunodeficiency (virus)

A

AIDS

Bloodborne, sexual

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30
Q

Human papillomavirus (virus)

A

Genital warts

Sexual

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31
Q

Influenza (virus)

A

Influenza

Airborne, droplet

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32
Q

Measles (virus)

A

Measles

Airborne, droplet

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33
Q

Molluscipoxvirus (virus)

A

Molluscum contagiosum warts

Contact

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34
Q

Mumps (virus)

A

Mumps

Airborne, droplet

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35
Q

Parvovirus (virus)

A

Fifth disease

Droplet, bloodborne

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36
Q

Rabies (virus)

A

Rabies

Vector

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37
Q

Rhinovirus (virus)

A

Common cold

Droplet, contact, fomites

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38
Q

Rotavirus (virus)

A

Rotavirus

Fecal-oral

39
Q

Rubella (virus)

A

German measles

Airborne, droplet

40
Q

Varicella-zoster (virus)

A

Chickenpox, shingles

Airborne, droplet, contact w/ blister fluid

41
Q

Variola major (virus)

A

Smallpox

Contact, fomites

42
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (multicellular parasites)

A

Roundworm

Contact w/ contaminated soil

43
Q

Cimex parasites (multicellular parasites)

A

Bed bugs

Contact w/ infested bedding/furniture

44
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum (multicellular parasites)

A

Tapeworm

Foodborne (raw, infected fish)

45
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (multicellular parasites)

A

Pinworms

Fecal-oral

46
Q

Pediculus humanus capitis (multicellular parasites)

A

Pediculosis (head lice)

Contact w/ infected hair

47
Q

Phthirus pubis (multicellular parasites)

A 
Pubic lice (crabs)
Contact w/ infested pubic hair
48
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei (multicellular parasites)

A

Scabies

Contact

49
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus (fungi)

A

Aspergillosis

Airborne

50
Q

Candida albicans (fungi)

A

Candidiasis (thrush, vaginal, yeast infection)

Overgrowth of normal flora, not usually sexual

51
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans (fungi)

A

Cryptococcosis

Contact w/ poultry dropping

52
Q

Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans (fungi)

A

Ringworm

Contact

53
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum (fungi)

A

Histoplasmosis

Airborne

54
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumocystis carinii (fungi)

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Airborne

55
Q

Entamoeba histolytica (protozoa)

A

Amebiasis

Fecal-oral

56
Q

Giardia intestinalis (protozoa)

A

Giardiasis

Fecal-oral

57
Q

Plasmodium parasites (protozoa)

A

Malaria

Vector

58
Q

Toxoplasma gondii (protozoa)

A

Toxoplasmosis

Foodborne, vector, transplacental

59
Q

Trichinella spiralis (protozoa)

A

Trichinosis

Foodborne (undercooked pork)

60
Q

Truchomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

A

Trichomoniasis

Sexual

61
Q

Bacillus anthracis (bacteria)

A

Anthrax

Vector, contact/eating undercooked meat from infected animals, spore inhalation

62
Q

Bordetella pertussis (bacteria)

A

Whooping cough

Airborne

63
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi (bacteria)

A

Lyme disease

Vector

64
Q

Campylobacter jejuni (bacteria)

A

Food poisoning

Contaminated food/fluids

65
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)

A

Chlamydia

Sexual

66
Q

Clostridium botulinum (bacteria)

A

Botulism

Foodborne

67
Q

Clostridium difficile (bacteria)

A

Colitis

Fecal-oral

68
Q

Clostridium tetani (bacteria)

A

Tetanus

Contact through a deep cut

69
Q

Clostridium perfringens (bacteria)

A

Gas gangrene

Contact (wounds)

70
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (bacteria)

A

Diphtheria

Droplet

71
Q

Escherichia coli (bacteria)

A

Diarrhea

Foodborne

72
Q

Group B streptococcus

A

Meningitis

Droplet

73
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (bacteria)

A

Pneumonia, epiglottis, meningitis

Droplet

74
Q

Helicobacter pylori (bacteria)

A

Peptic ulcer disease

Fecal-oral, oral-anal

75
Q

Legionella pneumophila (bacteria)

A

Legionnaires’ disease

Water aerosol

76
Q

Listeria monocytogenes (bacteria)

A

Meningitis

Droplet

77
Q

Mycobacterium leprae (bacteria)

A

Leprosy

Airborne, droplet

78
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)

A

Tuberculosis

Airborne, droplet

79
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (bacteria)

A

Pneumonia

Droplet

80
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)

A

Gonorrhea

Sexual

81
Q

Neisseria meningitidis (bacteria)

A

Meningitis

Droplet

82
Q

Pseudomonas aeurginosa (bacteria)

A

Hot tub rash

Contaminated water

83
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii (bacteria)

A

Typhus

Vector

84
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii (bacteria)

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Vector

85
Q

Shigella sonnei (bacteria)

A

Shigellosis

Fecal-oral

86
Q

Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria)

A

Boils, septicemia, pneumonia

Contact

87
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae (bacteria)

A

Pneumonia

Airborne, droplet, contact

88
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes (bacteria)

A

Strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia

Droplet

89
Q

Treponema pallidum (bacteria)

A

Syphilis

Sexual

90
Q

Vibrio cholerae (bacteria)

A

Cholera

Fecal-oral, Contaminated water

91
Q

Yersinia pestis (bacteria)

A

Plague

Vector

92
Q

Chain of infection

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir host
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Susceptible host
93
Q

What are helminths?

A

They are parasites called “worms” that live in host organisms, such as animals and humans. An example is a pinworm.

CMA (10 decks)

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