testicular cancer Flashcards
1
Q
arises from
A
germ cells in testes
2
Q
most common in
A
younger men - peak incidence 15-35yrs
3
Q
two types
A
seminomas
non-seminomas (mostly teratomas)
4
Q
risk factors
A
undescended testes
male infertility
FHx
increased height
5
Q
typical presentation
A
painless testicular lump
6
Q
OE - lump will be
A
non-tender arising from testicle hard irregular non-fluctuant no transillumination
7
Q
gynaecomastia and testicular cancer
A
rarely gynaecomastia can be presentation of testicular cancer
esp leydig tumour
8
Q
Ix
A
scrotal USS initial Ix
tumour markers
staging CT
9
Q
tumour markers
A
alpha-fetoprotein (teratomas)
beta-hCG
LDH
10
Q
staging system
A
royal marsden staging system
11
Q
stage 1
A
isolated to testicle
12
Q
stage 2
A
retroperitoneal nodes
13
Q
stage 3
A
nodes above diaphragm
14
Q
stage 4
A
metastases to other organs
15
Q
common places for metastases
A
lymphatics
lung
liver
brain
