Testicular and Ovarian Function Flashcards
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules
Which cell produces testosterone in the testes
Leydig cells in the interstitial space
What is the name of the sperm cell at the 1) beginning 2)end of mitosis?
1) spermatogonia
2) spermatocyte
When does spermatogenesis begin?
puberty
How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have?
46, still diploid
When does oogenesis occur?
in fetal life. Females are born with all the primary oocytes they have
T/F second meiotic division occurs at the time of ovulation
False, it occurs after fertilisation
How many mature ovum does a primary oocyte give?
one
What are the seven hormones produced by the anterior pituitary
FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, MSH
What are the peptide hormones produced by the female gonads
Inhibin and activin
T/F Female reproductive system is responsive to external stimuli
True, hence stress can prevent hormone secretion and ovulation
What are the accessory glands the male reproductive system
seminal vesicle
bulbourethral gland
prostate
What is the epididymis a site of?
sperm maturation
What is the downstream action of LH stimulating Leydig cells
testosterone secretion
sex characteristics development
What are the non-reproductive actions of testosterone
closing epiphysis
sebaceous gland secretion
Does a male secret inhibin?
Yes, in response to FSH stimulation on sertoli cells. Negative feedback signal will control the level of FSH
T/F Only LH in male have a long feedback loop
True, FSH has a short feedback loop with inhibin. LH has a long loop with testosterone
What is “menses”
A phase of the menstrual cycle when the endometrium sloughs off
What are the cells that can response to FSH/LH in female?
Theca (LH) and granulosa cells (FSH) in the follicle
Which cell converts androgen to ostrogen?
granulosa cells, in response to FSH
Which hormone does the rising level of ostrogen in proliferative phase inhibit
FSH
LH
GnRH
What happens with LH surge?
induce high level of oestrogen secretion, and changes the system to a positive feedback system
leads to ovulation
When is inhibin active?
late follicular phase and ovulation
Why is there a fall of oestrogen following ovulation?
follicle ruptures and turns into corpus luteum
What is the effect of oestrogen on the endometrium?
proliferation of endometrium + expression of progesterone receptor
What happens to cervical fluid in response to high oestrogen
it becomes clear and non-viscus, allowing entry of sperm
What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?
high level of progesterone and some oestrogen
What prevents another follicle from maturating during the luteal phase?
corpus luteum producing progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin to suppress LH, FSH, and GnRH
What happens to the uterus during luteal phase?
endometrium becomes vascular and secretory, while cervix becomes thick and sticky
in which phase of menstrual cycle does the baseline body temperature rise?
secretory phase, after ovulation
When can fertilisation occur?
during ovulation at day 14
How long is the window of opportunity for fertilisation every month
24 hours, the lifespan of secondary oocyte
What is acrosomal reaction?
when sperm releases digestive enzyme to break down the external cells so fertilisation can occur
What is the cortical reaction of the egg?
When one sperm reaches the zona pellicida, other sperms are no longer allowed entry
How many days after fertilisation does implantation occur?
blastocyst implants at day 5-9
Which part of the zygote has cords to invade the endometrium
trophoblast
What is decidua?
Endometrium during pregnancy, forming the maternal part of the placenta
