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Jonathan's Reproduction > Testicular and Ovarian Function > Flashcards

Testicular and Ovarian Function Flashcards

1
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

Which cell produces testosterone in the testes

A

Leydig cells in the interstitial space

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3
Q

What is the name of the sperm cell at the 1) beginning 2)end of mitosis?

A

1) spermatogonia

2) spermatocyte

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4
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

puberty

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5
Q

How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have?

A

46, still diploid

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6
Q

When does oogenesis occur?

A

in fetal life. Females are born with all the primary oocytes they have

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7
Q

T/F second meiotic division occurs at the time of ovulation

A

False, it occurs after fertilisation

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8
Q

How many mature ovum does a primary oocyte give?

A

one

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9
Q

What are the seven hormones produced by the anterior pituitary

A

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, MSH

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10
Q

What are the peptide hormones produced by the female gonads

A

Inhibin and activin

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11
Q

T/F Female reproductive system is responsive to external stimuli

A

True, hence stress can prevent hormone secretion and ovulation

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12
Q

What are the accessory glands the male reproductive system

A

seminal vesicle
bulbourethral gland
prostate

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13
Q

What is the epididymis a site of?

A

sperm maturation

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14
Q

What is the downstream action of LH stimulating Leydig cells

A

testosterone secretion

sex characteristics development

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15
Q

What are the non-reproductive actions of testosterone

A

closing epiphysis

sebaceous gland secretion

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16
Q

Does a male secret inhibin?

A

Yes, in response to FSH stimulation on sertoli cells. Negative feedback signal will control the level of FSH

17
Q

T/F Only LH in male have a long feedback loop

A

True, FSH has a short feedback loop with inhibin. LH has a long loop with testosterone

18
Q

What is “menses”

A

A phase of the menstrual cycle when the endometrium sloughs off

19
Q

What are the cells that can response to FSH/LH in female?

A

Theca (LH) and granulosa cells (FSH) in the follicle

20
Q

Which cell converts androgen to ostrogen?

A

granulosa cells, in response to FSH

21
Q

Which hormone does the rising level of ostrogen in proliferative phase inhibit

A

FSH
LH
GnRH

22
Q

What happens with LH surge?

A

induce high level of oestrogen secretion, and changes the system to a positive feedback system

leads to ovulation

23
Q

When is inhibin active?

A

late follicular phase and ovulation

24
Q

Why is there a fall of oestrogen following ovulation?

A

follicle ruptures and turns into corpus luteum

25
Q

What is the effect of oestrogen on the endometrium?

A

proliferation of endometrium + expression of progesterone receptor

26
Q

What happens to cervical fluid in response to high oestrogen

A

it becomes clear and non-viscus, allowing entry of sperm

27
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

A

high level of progesterone and some oestrogen

28
Q

What prevents another follicle from maturating during the luteal phase?

A

corpus luteum producing progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin to suppress LH, FSH, and GnRH

29
Q

What happens to the uterus during luteal phase?

A

endometrium becomes vascular and secretory, while cervix becomes thick and sticky

30
Q

in which phase of menstrual cycle does the baseline body temperature rise?

A

secretory phase, after ovulation

31
Q

When can fertilisation occur?

A

during ovulation at day 14

32
Q

How long is the window of opportunity for fertilisation every month

A

24 hours, the lifespan of secondary oocyte

33
Q

What is acrosomal reaction?

A

when sperm releases digestive enzyme to break down the external cells so fertilisation can occur

34
Q

What is the cortical reaction of the egg?

A

When one sperm reaches the zona pellicida, other sperms are no longer allowed entry

35
Q

How many days after fertilisation does implantation occur?

A

blastocyst implants at day 5-9

36
Q

Which part of the zygote has cords to invade the endometrium

A

trophoblast

37
Q

What is decidua?

A

Endometrium during pregnancy, forming the maternal part of the placenta

Jonathan's Reproduction (15 decks)

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