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Jonathan's Reproduction > Female Repro Histology > Flashcards

Female Repro Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the ovary at menopause

A

Reduced function - reduced response to pituitary hormones, reduced hormone production

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2
Q

Which ligaments stabilise the ovary

A

Ovarian and suspensory ligaments

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3
Q

T/F The follicles are found in the medulla of the ovary

A

False, they are found in the cortex. Medulla is largely connective tissue and blood vessels

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4
Q

What cells are found in the cortical stroma?

A

highly cellular connective tissue
scattered smooth muscle cells
oocytes

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5
Q

Why is there scar tissue at the ovary cortex

A

scar tissue is made due to ovulation (tear due to oocyte)

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6
Q

What layers are found superficial to the ovarian cortex

A

single layer of epithelium on the outside, followed by tunica albuginea

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7
Q

What cells surround the primordial oocyte

A

squamous follicle cells surrounded by common basal lamina (type IV collagen)

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8
Q

T/F Meiosis has already begun in a primordial oocyte

A

True, it is arrested in the prophase of meiosis 1

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9
Q

T/F zona pellucida sits superficial to the follicle cells

A

False, they sit between the oocyte and the follicle cells

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10
Q

Which cell matures into granulosa cell?

A

follicular cells

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11
Q

What’s stratum granulosum

A

multilayered, cuboidal granulosa cells

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12
Q

T/F Theca cells sit superficial to the granulosa cells

A

True

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13
Q

Which cells mature into theca cells?

A

the outer stromal cells

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14
Q

What is the antrum of the secondary oocyte?

A

it’s a fluid filled cavity that surrounds the oocyte

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15
Q

What is the cumulus oophorus

A

a stalk of granulosa cells that suspend the oocyte in the antrum

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16
Q

What is the corona radiata?

A

granulosa cell layer surround the oocyte after ovulation

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17
Q

What is the name given to a mature follicle?

A

Graafian follicle

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18
Q

How is corpus luteum formed?

A

after ovulation, stromal, granulosa and thecal cells invade the inner cavity and differentiate into luteal cells, forming the CL

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19
Q

What is involution

A

atrophy with time

20
Q

What are the three layers of fallopian tube?

A

outer serosa, middle smooth muscle muscularis and inner mucosa

21
Q

Why is the fallopian tube epithelium ciliated?

A

It can beat the peritoneal fluid and move the oocyte

22
Q

How is isthmus structurally different to ampulla

A

it has more smooth muscle and less mucosal lining

23
Q

How does the oocyte get nutrients when moving down the fallopian tube?

A

epithelium secrets fluid that provides nutrients

24
Q

What are the three layers of uterine wall?

A

outer perimetrium
middle myometrium
inner endometrium

25
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle can be found in the myometrium

A

three: inner and outer longitudinal muscle, with a middle circular layer

26
Q

T/F The thickened wall regress after pregnancy

A

False, the thickened wall is retained after first pregnancy

27
Q

T/F The entire endometrial is covered by ciliated simple epithelium

A

False, there are spots of non-ciliated, secretory columnar cells connective to glands

28
Q

How far does the secretory gland extend in the endometrium

A

penetrates into lamina propria

29
Q

What artery supplies the endometrial mucosa

A

helical arteries from the myometrium

30
Q

How does the endometrium change microscopically from proliferative to secretory phase

A

glands enlarge, and secretion accumulates

epithelial, stromal and vascular cells proliferate

31
Q

What is the main function of the cervix

A

acts as a barrier to isolate the fetus to the outside world

32
Q

What are the two parts of the cervix

A

endocervix

ectocervix

33
Q

What cell type lines the endocervix

A

simple columnar epithelium

glandular cells

34
Q

Does the endocervix respond to hormone?

A

yes, the secretion can change its nature. During ovulation, it’s watery, while other time it is thick and acts as a plug

35
Q

What cell type lines the ectocervix

A

stratified squamous cells

non-secretory, non-glandular

36
Q

Which part of the cervix is prone to malignancy

A

the ectocervix, and it sheds cells and is a layer that’s constantly proliferating

37
Q

What cell types line the vagina

A

stratified squamous with erectile lamina propria

38
Q

T/F The longitudinal uterine muscles extend down to as far as the vagina

A

True

39
Q

Which glands lubricate the vagina?

A

cervical glands and glands of vestibule

40
Q

T/F Testosterone cause atrophy of the breast

A

True, and oestrogen + progesterone stimulate its growth

41
Q

What is a terminal duct lobular unit?

A

The terminal portion of a lactiferous duct. It’s a functional metabolic unit that produces milk

42
Q

What happens to the stromal cells in breast during the luteal phase

A

they become more columnar with secretion. Fluid will accumulate and cause breast enlargement

43
Q

T/F Myoepithelial cells surround the glands in breast

A

True, they can squeeze the glands

44
Q

What does breast milk contain?

A

lipid, carbohydrate, protein, IgA

45
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

46
Q

What signals actively trigger lactation?

A

suckling and baby’s smell/cry, which inhibits prolactin releasing hormone and stimulates release of oxytocin

47
Q

What are the cellular changes in breast during menopause

A

secretory cells disappear

connective tissue loses elasticity

Jonathan's Reproduction (15 decks)

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