Physiology of Pregnancy Flashcards
By the time the woman misses her first period, how many weeks is she into gestation?
two weeks
In how many weeks will the embryo transform into a fetus
end of week 8
When does morning sickness normally occur?
in the first trimester
Why are maternal adaptations required for pregnancy
to maintain uteroplacental perfusion and fetal demands
Which part of the blastocyst 1) invades 2) becomes the fetus
1) trophoblast
2) inner cell mass
Which two layers surround the amniotic fluid?
amnion and chorion
Are GIT and renal systems active in a fetus?
Yes, it is active from 12 weeks onward. They contribute to the amniotic fluid
T/F Amniotic fluid transports most of the fetus’s waste product
False, the umbilical cord excretes most of the waste
What is the function of hCG
extends the lifespan of CL
What is the function of human placental lactogen
Breast development and metabolic effects
T/F Monozygotic twins come from the same fertilised ovum
True, hence they are identical (same sex). The ovum divides and implants to two sites
How is parturition initiated?
Breaking of the placenta
T/F Progesterone suppress uterine contraction
True
What is the action of oxytocin during parturition
causes uterine contraction, and cause the placenta to release prostaglandin for further contraction
T/F Oxytocin and protaglandins both work on a positive feedback loop
True
What’s the advantage of having unfused skull bones on baby when it’s getting delivered
So the bones can slide on top of each other, compress the skull so the baby can make through the birth canal
Which hormones lead to breast gland development during pregnancy
oestrogen, growth hormone and cortisol
Which hormone converts and ducts to secretory epithelium during pregnancy
progesterone
Which hormone blocks the production of prolactin?
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
After birth, how is lactation triggered?
both high level prolactin and low level oestrogen are required
While prolactin stimulates milk production, which hormone is responsible for milk ejection
Oxytocin
What is Frank diabetes
a pre-diabetic state
What is the definition of “preterm labour”
labour before 37 weeks gestation
What are the presenting symptoms of pre-eclampsia
high maternal blood pressure, proteinuria, generalised oedema
What’s the treatment of pre-eclampsia
deliver the placenta and trophoblast so mother can recover
T/F Fetal growth is dependent on growth hormone
False, it’s dependent on IGFs, thyroid hormones and insulin
T/F Glucocorticoids inhibit fetal growth
True
What’s the difference between fetal growth restriction and being born premature
Premature = organ systems have not yet formed
FGR = organ systems have developed
T/F Accelerated growth is a good way to compensate for fetal growth deficiency
False, babies should not grow beyond the normal trajectory in order to prevent diseases
Just drink mother’s milk. It’s programmed to be what the baby needs
