TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST 3 Flashcards
a suspicious lesion that turns out negative after a diagnostic work up will be deemed
A false positive
A neoplasm that originates in lymph tissues, but is not actually breast cancer
lymphoma
Immediately behind the niple is the pouch like orfice called the ____ or____ ____
ampulla
lactiferous sinus
placement of the calcifications within the breast
distribution
a biopsy technique in which a fine needle is used to aspirate or remove cells from a localized breast lesion for pathological evaluation
fine needle aspiration
what is used in mammography to assure radiation dose not enter into the lung field
half field geometry
a female hormone which stimulates the development of the rbeast and later is essential for starting and continuing milk production
prolactin
all mammography machines are created to produce what
high contrast images at a low patient dose
Routine mammography work utlizes the __ focal spot
large
small clumps of immune celks that act as filters for the lymphatic system
lymph nodes
benign condition of fat cells beneath the skin
lipoma
The breast extends vertically from the clavicle at what rib?
2nd or 3rd
If microcalcifications are present in a specimen, they should be ____ and ___
counted and noted
pixel size determines
spatial resolution
consent given verbally
oral consent
the size of the image matrix is determined by the
number of pixels
calcifications that are often seen in the breast after surgery and radiation therapy
sutural calcifications
External beam radiation usually begins _____ ____ after surgery
1 month
what is the maximum allowable dose per view in mammography
300 mrad
3mGy
What QC test: assess the quality and consistency of images
phantom images
curved radiopaque line seen around lesions containing fat
halo sign
a thin flat triangular muscle that lies deep to the pectoraliz major muscle and covers the serratus anterior and the external oblique muscles
pectoralis minor
where is the lateral border of the breast
mid-axillary line
Which feature of calcifications would be least likely to be benign
a. clustered together
b. found in both breasts
c. scattered
d. well defined
clustered together
what is the kev of molybdenum
17.6-19.7
The repeat rate should be analyzed if the rate changes from the previous measure rate by more than
2%
The ACR and AMA recommend a SBE how often and starting at what age
every year at 40
Phantom imaging: if the same evaluation is reading the results the objects in each group should not decrease by more than ___form one pahtom evaluation to the next
1/2
what equipment is needed for viewing conditions
window cleaner, soft towels, illumination levels, and assure sources of bright light arent present
what benign feature are you looking for when you do a LM or an ML
milk of calcium
women with dense breasts are how muych more likely to develop breast cancer
1.5 to 2 times higher
calcifications >0.5 mm in diameter
coarse
the absorbed dose is ___ the entrance skin exposure
significantly lower than
lack of breast compression is most likely to cause
motion unsharpness
rare and aggressive cancer cells that block lymph vessels in teh skin of the breast that starts with reddenign and swelling of the breast
inflammatory carcinoma
accessory glands of the female reproductive system
mammary glands
how many pounds of pressure do you exert on the pahntom in teh spot compression indicator
10-15 lbs
What is the most common type of breast cancer
ductal carcinoma
True or false
monitor manufacturer automated QC is elective if offered with the monitor
false - if it is offered it its mandatory
pear-like densities resembling teacups or pearl drops on the lateral projections
milk of calcium
under MQSA how many mammograms must you perform every 2 years to stay legal
200
univeral language for the storage and transmission of images for the medical community
DICOM
a missed malignancy on a screening mammogram is referred to as a what
false negative
area of hardening can mimic malignancy
radial scar
radiolucent, low density, smooth boarders, halo sign and capsule are all characteristics of a ___ lesion
benign
true or false
failures of the critical visual checklist tests must be corrected before clinic use of the equipment
true
Computer aided detection (CAD) has 2 major roles
detection/classification
true or false
When evaluating the DBT phantom, scroll to the slice or slab in which the test objects are best visualized
true
smaller the pixel, the ____ the spatial resolution
higher
Surgery and reconstruction after breast cancer does not fall under ___ ____
cosmetic surgery
evaluation of lactiferous ducts when there is spontaneous nipple discharge
galactography or
ductography
which modality has greater accuracy in samplin dense masses and and requires only 1 pass
vacuum assisted biopsy
the larger focal spot may be ___ but is generally __ mm
- 4
- 3
what is the corrective action time frame of a failed compression thickness indicator
30 days
collimation should not extend beyond the detector edge by more than what percent
2% of the SID
The most substantial limitation for a FNB is
the rate of insufficient sampling
occur in the TDLU when the extralobular terminal duct becomes blocked and the normal ductal secretions are not reabsorbed quickly enough and fluid begins to accumulate
cysts
The principle of mobile versus fixed tissue is used in mammography positioning to image the maximum
medial breast on the MLO
the pathological examination of body tissue that has been removed from the body
biopsy
During pregnancy and lactations, the breast has an increased amount of
a. morgagnis tuberccles
b. glandular tissue
c. montgomery glands
d. all of the above
all of the above
what does the actual focal spot measure
the area on the anode that is exposed to electrons
line pairs per millimeter is the unit of
spacial resolution
What quadrant would 7:00 clock in the right breast lie
lower outer
symptoms of warm, orange peel, flattening or inversion of the nipple or aching and burning
inflammatory carcinoma
what is the advantage of proper compression
a. reduced motion
b. separation of glandualr tissue
c. lower dose
d. all of the above
all of the above
Breast entrance exposure, AEC reproducibility, average glandular dose and radiation output rate evaluation. Physicists test how often and what is it
annually
measure typical entrance exposure to calculate the associated average dose
What is the most common cancer killer in the United States
lung cancer
the greater the bit depth, the more accurate is the __ ___
digital signal
What hormone is reponsible for ductal proliferation
estrogen
what type of capture turns x-rays into light
indirect
Typically the breast is located on the thorax between the levels of
2nd and 3rd
6th and 7th ribs
Both the ___ ___ and the ___ ___ of lymphatic vessels drain the breasts lymph
superficial plesus
deep plexus
How odten should the detector valibration frequency be doen
weekly
what are the name of the artifacts that appear sas non uniformities, blotches or streaks
broad area artifacts
This technique is used to obtain cellular material from teh area in question fro cytological analysis
fine needle biopsy
parenchymal tissue in the breast that shows up black or dark
adipose tissue
calcifications forming multiple flake like irregular clusters that can be microcalcifications or macrocalcifications and typically of intermediate concern
amorphous or indistinct
this layer is a soft polymer that protects the back of the IP
backing layer
what blood vessels are larger and more superficially located
veins
The posterior region on the chest is located where
closest to the chest wall
Most palpable lesions are best sampled under ___ guidance
ultrasound
what is the interface material of mammogrpahy linear grids
carbon
How long do breast centers have to keep a returning patients mammograms
5 years
the breast is made up of ___ tissue, __ (secretory) components, ___ vessels and ___ vessels
adipose, glandular, lymphatic, blood
what are the hormone receptors on the surface and inside of ells
proteins
an adjuvant therpay that involves the use of drugs to treat cancer that may have spread beyond the breast
chemotherapy
With menopaise comes a drop in what hormones
estrogen and progesterone
what is the name of th erpay used to shrink tumors before surgery
neo-adjuvant therapy
which statement is true regarding magnification in mammography
a. grids are used to decrease scatter
b. dose to the breast is unchanged
c. dose is decreased to the breast
d. grids are not used in magnification
grids are not used in magnification
grids with strips arranged in straight lines in one direction
linear
The photo conductor converts __ to ___
xrays to electrons
Which of the following represents tea cups on the ML or LM view
milk of calcium
a visual change in either breast contour or the nipple, often caused by an alteration in the tension of a coopers ligament on the skin or nipple
retraction
The removal of the contents of a cyst for testing or analysis
aspiration or fine needle aspiration
consent assuemd in an emergency situation where the patient is unable to make a decision
implied consent
The detectors ability to respond to different exposure levels
dynamic range
___ removes a sample of tisue unlike a FNB which removes ____ and ____
core biopsy
fluid
cells
what is the ideal size paddle to use to compress the pahntom during the weekly phantom evaluation
the largest paddle used clinically
the minimum frequency for the phantom to be performed is
weekly
the most common disorder that results in excessive deveopment of the male breast as a result of physiologival, hormonal, or pharmacological factors
gynecomastia
artifact caused by dust is more common in
computer radiography systems
calcifications 1 mm in diameter and often associated with ducts are what shape
linear or rod-like
The anterior region on the breast is located where
located behind the nipple
What is the purpose of the image quality evaluation by the physicist
evaluation of the SNR and CNR
A follow up BIRAD recommendation: must indigate suggested biopsy method is what category
category 4
What is the recommendations of the USPSTF for screening mammogram
40-49 on individual basis
50-74 mammogram every 2 years
after 75 no screenings
what is the #1 diagnosed cancer in woen in the US each year
breast cancer
The cancer is confined to the duct and does not invade the duct walls
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
A category 3 BIRAD equates to
probably benign
Under MQSA which of the following is NOT mandatory
having an M as a mammogrpahy technologist
morgagni tubercles are formed by opening of the ducts of the ____ ____
montgomery glands
a single binary digit of data, such as “0” or “1”
bit
The most lateral aspect of the breast
axillary tail or tail of spence
What is the name of the drug that is used to combat HER2+ breast ancer
herceptin
What does the E in EQUIP stand for
enhancing
phosphor cystal in the flat panel detector system are classified as ___ phosphors
turbid
___ ___ and ____ ____ is controlled mainly by the processing software and the algortithms that can be applied
image brightness
image contrast
____ ___ or ___ ___ is usually a result of increased cellular activity in ducts and surrounding tissues
sclerosing adenosis
ductal hyperplasia
the compression thickness indicator QC performance criteria needs to be accurate to what degree
+/- 0.5cm
Core biopies are done under guidance fo what 3 modalities
mammo, US, MRI
What breast tissue is best visualized on the MLO view
lateral tissue
true or false
lateral tissue is at the highest risk of beign missed on the CC view
true
When positioning the MLO the height of the image receptor should be no higher than the patients what
axilla
the averaging of each pixels frequency with surrounding pixels values to remove high frequency noise
smoothing
what is an advantage of a honeycomb grid
less dose to patient
Indirect capture steps
- xrays to scintillator
- scinillator (cesium iodide) converts - xrays to light
- light to photo diodes
- converts light to electric signal
- electrical signal sent to workstation
true or false
neo-adjuvant therpay is indicated for large tumors to shrink the size and conserve tissue
true
What i the most common error in a core biopsy
understanding the multifocality
discrete calcifications with irregular margins, vary in size and shape. 30% are malignant
fine heterogenous
Weekly densities of the weekly test films are with ___ of the operation level
+/- 0.15
most side effects from radiation will occur in ___ -____ months
6-12
What has the lowest false negative rates but is the most invasive and highest complication rate
open surgical biopsy
is copious discharge of blood from the breast
mastorrhagia
often is the pectoral muscle seen on the CC view
30-40%
how many mammography credits are required by MQSA every how many years for mammography tehcnologists
15 credits every 3 years
malignant type calcifications are often _____
microcalcifications
DEL
detector element size
True or false
in an axillary tail view, the IMF is optimized
false- the axillary tail is optimized
The middle region on the brest is located where
middle of the breast
What type of chemotherapy treatment is geiven before surgery to help shrink the cancerous tumor
neoadjuvant
In what year did the final MQSA regulations go into effect
1999
“T” in cancer staging
grades the tumore size and the spread of the skin or chest wall under the breast. 0-4 higher numbers indicate a larger tumor
an examination of the breast by the patient
breast self exam
what are the two roles of filtration
remove soft photons that increase dose
remove high energy that decrease contrast
if borders are ___ or ____ more testing will be needed to determine benign or malignancy
irregular or obscured borders
focal spot measurements report the actual or effective focal spot
effective
the removal of a tumor with excision of surrounding tissue. Lymph nodes are sometimes removed during this procedure
lumpectomy
what type of breast would you use a rhodium/rhodium combination on
super thick
True or false
for a rolled MLO inferior, your top hand travels superiorly
false - it travels the direction of the view (inferiorly)
fibrous and glandular tissues is ____ rodiolucent and will show as lower optical densities on mammograms
less
if a radiologist sees a lesion in the MLO but no teh CC what could you be asked to perform
a 90 degree lateral
which of the following is a rare and very aggressive breast cancer in which the cancer cells block lymph vesseles
inflammatory carcinoma
a cancer with marked predominance of connective tissue
scirrhus
What are two things that influences noncompliance
painful experience
unsympathetic technologist
True or false
Breast cancer cells can be ER+ , PR+ or ER- and PR-
true
what is the corrective action for a visual checklist
immediate
a thin tough layer of plastic that protects the phosphor layer from damage
protective layer
the effective focal spot is ___ than the actual focal spot, this is known as the ___ ______ _____
smaller
line focus principle
which of the following can you NOT count toward your 200 mammograms required every 2 years
a. needle localization
b. magnification view
c. diagnostic views
d. spot compression view
needle localization
how often is the manufacture calibrations evaluations preformed
manufacturers recommendation
Which of the following procedures might be done for unilateral bloody nipple discharge
galactography
where are the largest number of breast cancers found in the breast
upper outer quadrant
According to the ACR, for the MLO view, what angle should be used for a patient taller and more slender
50-60 degrees
Treatment of breast cancer with high energy radiaton to destroy the cancer cells in teh chest wall, axilla and breast
radiation therapy
what is the atomic number of a molybdenum filter
42
which target filter combination woudl never be used in mammography
Rh/Mo
what type of breast would you use a moly/rhodium combination on
thicker
have a central fibrous core with radiating arms made up of benign epithelial growth and sclerosis
radial scars
what is used to indicate where a biopsy has occurred
clip placement
To increase the changes of an even intensity beam across the breast, the thinnest part of the breast (near the nipple) is positioned at the ___ side
anode
What is the most commonly performed minimally invasive technique for biopsy
core biopsy
The layer of adipose or fatty tissue that separates the breast from the pecoral muscle
retromammary space
when scoring fibers score as ___ point if ___ or more of the fiber is visible and ___ point if the fiber appears to be equal or greater than ___ mm and less than ___ mm in length
1 pt: 10-8mm
1/2 pt: 5-8mm
what therpay is used for tripe negative breast cancer
chemotherapy
what equipment is needed for a visual checklist
visual checklist
Most reports of patent dose involve a fact check of the ____ only
enterance skin exposure (ESE)
The majority of breast disease occur in the ____
TDLUs
When hanging a CC correctly, where is the lateral aspect of the breast
on the top of the image
which target filter combination is used for a larger than overage but not extremely dense breast
Mo/Rh
increase OID results in what two things
mag views
increased dose
light shining down on the viewboxes
illuminance
what is the best modality for evaluating implants
MRI
an open grid compression paddle is used for which view
tangential
calcifications of the skin
dermal calcifications
The ____ ___ is the area that electrons stikes on the target
focal spot
whatis the anem of the artifacts that appear as non-uniformities, blotches or streaks
broad area artifacts
waht are two types of implant ruptures
extracapsular rupture
incapsular rupture
situated or occuring immediately beneath the skin
subcutaneous
crystals that produce lateral spreading of light, which reduces spaital resolution
turbid phosphors
true or false
ER/PR negative tumors have few or no hormone receptors
true
a condition of carrying a pregnancy past the point of viability of delivery a child
parity
what is the advantage of a tungsten target
decrease dose
aluminum is used as the filtration in
digital breast tomosynthesis tubes with tungsten targets
maignant cells extend from the lactiferous ducts to the nipple with or without masses
pagets disease
true or false
the labeling code for magnification is MAG
false -M
____ tissue predominates in older women
fatty
according to the ACR, for the MLO view what angle should be used for a patiet shorter and heavier
30-40 degrees
viewbox luminance and room illuminate evaluation. Physicists test how often?
annually
___ can reduce the need for a surgical biopsy
fine needle biopsy
which of the following is only a diagnostic view
tangential
if the calcifications are <0.5 mm in diameter
round or punctuate
For needle localization procedures, which views are used to localize the lesion
the CC and 90 degree
___ ____ ___ irradiates less healthy breast tissue
internal beam radiation
ALND
axillary lymph node dissection
what is the purpose of a filter
remove soft photons that do not contribute to image quality and to remove higher energy which reduces contrast
what is the purpose of the viewign conditions
checking the radiologist viewing condition
between the nipple orfice and the ampulla is a connecting duct called the ____ ____
lactiferous duct
what is the name of the endocrine disorder found in males
gynecomastia
what is the most commonly diagnosed breast cancer in the US
invasive ductal carcinoma
True or false
The corrective action procedure has to be documented for an inspector
false
True or false
the procedure fo LIP oversight of the QA/AC records does not have to be written policy
True
what material is used in the xray tubes window to allow photons to pass through
berylium
What 3 factors determine the mammo spectrum
kvp
anode material
filter in the beam
what percentage of breast cancers occur in women with no family history
85%
the smaller the pixel the higher the ___ ___
spatial resolution
what are the rules for lossless compression
2:1 ratio
only format for FFDM
no data loss
what focal spot size is used for standard mammography imaging
0.3mm
true or false
Ideally the repeat rate should be between 2-5%
false - ideally the repeat rate will be <2%
True or false
if an artifact is noticed on the phantom evaluation and foudn to come from the monitor you have 30 days to fix it
false - it needs to be fixed before th monitor is used
beneath the nipple/areolar complex; subcutaneous
subareolar
what is a milk filled lesion
galactocele
True or false
ACS no longer recommends that all women routinely perform the BSE
true
In analog units, the filters used are often the same element as what
the xray tube target
can mimic a radial scar
postsurgical scarring
producing definitive slides of biopsied tissue for pathology; takes 24 hours
permanent section
the beryllium exit window on the x-ray tube enhances contrast by
transmistting more low energy photons
what is the k-edge of a rhodium filter
23.3 kev
As the size of the focal spot decreases, the heating of the target is concentrated into a ___ area
smaller
When do the ARRT required additional mammograms need to be supervised
if you perform all 200 mammograms before taking the 40 hour course
Which of the following is not considered to be a risk of developing breast cancer
a. alcohol conspuption
b. smoking
c. being diagnosed with a benign breast condition in one breast
d. being diagnoed with hyperplasia
smoking
a benign process consisting of widened ducts containing thickened material
duct ectasia
which of the following does NOT need to be on a medical report
a. the name of the patient
b. the name of the interpreting physician
c. the name of the mammography tech
d. the name of the facility
the name of the mammography tech
Coopers ligaments attach posteriorly to
deep facial tissue in front of the pectoral muscle
what is the k-edge energy of a molybdenum filter
20 kev
Which of the followign is a reason facilities are getting a level 2 violation
a. interpreting physician not included in teh EQUIP process
b. EQUIP procedure is only verbally explained to inspector - nothing written
c. QA/QC peer review
d. RT reviews done only quarterly
interpreting physician not included in the EQUIP process
what is the purpose of a repeat analysis
determine the number and cause of repeates
image brightness is adjusted by changing
window level
the muscle lying immediately posterior to the breast is the
pectoralis major muscle
what are the personnel requirements to remain legal in mammography
15 CEU every 3 years
200 mammograms every 2 years
difference between simple and modified mastectomy
lymph node removal
development of benign cystic spaces within the ducts as a result of monthly hormone fluctuations that cause cysts to form throughout the breast tissue
fibrocystic changes
breast cancer is hereditary in about __-__% of cases
5-10
ERT is used on women who no longer have a ____
uterus
Using ultrasound, a thin, watery fluid with smooth borders. Anechoic
cyst
automatic compression should never exceed __ lbs ( ____ N) on the intial power drive
45 lbs
200 N
True or false
breast cancer cells can be ER+, PR+ or ER-, PR-
true
A mass or fast growing tissue which may be either benign or malignant
tumor
in routine mammography the glandular dose per projection is generally about
1-2 mgray
what is the characteristic radiation range produced by a molybdenum target
17-19 kev
17.9-19.5
The ___ ___ in digital allows visualization of the skin and penetration of dense breast tissue
wide latitude
True or False
Bening lesion will not change much in size or shape over time or will grow evenly, whereas malignant lesions can grow significantly over a 1-year period.
true
in what year was the mammography quality standards act passed
1992
how often is the radioliogist review workstation QC performed
monthly
lesions with a halo sign usually indicated the presence of a ____ lesion
benign
the microscopic examination of tissue
histological analysis
breasts that are similar in size, shape and composition of anatomy so that one breast is a mirror image of the other
symmetry
what focal spot size is used with magnification
0.1mm
one individual cell in a matrix
pixel
the breast is supplied with ___ and ____ function by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th, 5th and 6th intercostal nerves
sensory
sympathetic
a term applied to tumors which on section show a lobulated cauliflower appearance
phylloides
an average womans breast will typically have how many lobes
15-20
coopers ligaments are also known as
suspensory ligaments
True or false
EQUIP does not require the lead interpretive physician to oversee the QA/QC
false - the LIP is ultimately responsible to make sure QA/QC is done and corrective action taken is necessary
factors perceived by the affected individual only
subjective data
in edge enhancement the more pixels involved in the averaging the ___ the image appears
smoother
What is the newest type of breast implant placement
subfacial
what size needle would be used for vacuum assisted core biopsy
7-14 guage
not aligned along the trabecular stucute of the breast
multiple lobulated
randomly orientated
was passed by the United States Congress in october 1994 to ensure quality mammography for all patients and to improve and standardize breast imaging
mammography quality standards act (MQSA)
ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between them
grid ratio
The compression paddle used for a magnification is what
spot compression paddle
The final stage of any interventionla process is the ____ ____
pathology review
the number of bits per pizel determines the __ ___
bit depth
Ultrasound characteristic of a benin lesion is ___(white) thin capsule
hyperechogenic
On the MLO view, the pectoral muscle should be visualized down to where
the level of the nipple (PNL)
fast growing tissues
proliferation
True or false
written documentation of the clinical image review is required
true
MQSA became a law on
10/27/1992
which form of mastectomy removes only the breast tissue
simple mastectomy
what is one of the roles of filtration in mammography
removes high energy photons which decreases contrast
looks like a random pattern
architectural distortion
This begins in the connective tissue and is a primary or secondary tumor. These tend to be large at diagnosis.
sarcoma
single or in clusters where a cluster of microcalcifications are described as three to five calcifications within an area no larger than 0.5 -1.0 cm
number
which compression paddle is used with the compression thickness indicator QC test
spot compression paddle
PSP is associated with
computed mammography
______ will reword the questions to clarify information and can be used to verify that the patient has not changed his or her mind
repetition
under the nipple, veins form a venous network called the ____
virculous venosus
During a CBE, lump are felt in the lower breast more easily when the patient is
supine
fine, linear, or branching calcifications that can be fragmented with irregular contours and are often malignant are what type of calcification
casting type
Which fo the following is not a lymph node location in the breast
a. clavicular
b. axillary
c. thoracic
d. intramammory
thoracic
molybdenum has characteristic radiation at what energies
17.9 and 19.5
amount of light coming out 3000 cd/m22
luminance
What type of view is done without the permission from a radiologist
supplemental
compression paddle alignment evaluation. Physicists test how often and what is it
annually
paddle is flat and parallel to the breast
A firm round lump that develops following surgery, reconstruction or a needle biopsy is called what
fat necrosis (oil cyst)
What type of therapy is administered after sugery to attempt to keep any outlying cancer cells
adjuvant therapy
The taking of a sample specimen for cytological or histological analysis
breast biopsy
which principle has to do with the actual focal spot and the effective focal spot
line focus principle
______ is used to give the patietn time to remember and ensure accuracy
silence
how often should the phantom imaging be done
weekly
the small focal spot ranges from __- to ___ but hte most common size is ___
- 15-0.1mm
- 1mm
According to the ACR for the MLO view what angle should be used of ra patient of average height and weight
40-50 degrees
Under breast ultrasound, a lesion that is taller than wide might indicate what
a suspicious lesion
2 linear grids with one placed on top of the other with the grid lines perpendicular to each other is called
crossed
What percentage of the lymphatic drainage travels through the axillary lymph nodes
75%
These glands secrete a fatty lubricant, which protects the nipples during nursing
montgomery glands
what is the main purpose of the cleavage view
to visualize medial tissue
calcifications that are sharply outlined, spherical or oval are typically
benign
How long should a facility maintain records of a serious complaint
3 years
true or false
survival rate is the same in early breast cancer whether you do a lumpectomy and radiation or a mastectomy
true
assessing the mammography site qc program should be done how often
annually
damaged or dead tissue. Firm and round, does not increase risk of breast cancer
fat necrosis (oil cyst)
how long are facilities required to keep records of a patient who died shorly after the 1st mammogram
10 years
True or false
failures of less critical visual checklist tests must be corrected before clinical use of the equipment
false - the less critical test must be corrected within 30 days
Borders that are ____ are a strong indication for malignancy
spiculated
Estrogen and progesterone are produce by the
ovaries
mammary glands are sometimes referred to as ___ ____ _____
modified sebaceous glands
the removal of the breast
mastectomy
what corrective action must be taken for viewing conditions
replace fluorescent tubes every 18-24 months and replace them all at once
the target is angled to allow a larger area for the electrons to strike while maintianing a small effective focal spot
line-focus principle
pertaining to neoplasm
neoplastic
Implants can be placed in front of the pectoral muscle ____ or ____ implants, or behind the pectoral muscle ___ or ___
retromammary/subglandular
subpectoral/retropectoral
what imaging procedure might be used when a summation artifact or superimposition is seen on a 2D screening mammogram
3D breast tomosynthesis
what is kev
photon energy
what size focal spot is used with magnification
0.1mm
what is the most common type of mastectomy
modified radical mastectomy
___ tissue predominates in younger women
glandular
what is the minimum number of test objects that need to be visualized in the phantom evaluation
2 fibers, 3 speck groups, 2 masses
DMIST
digital mammographic imaging screening trial
who wil oversee your proof of 15 mammography credits every 3 years to remain legal
your annual MQSA inspector
CA stands for waht in teh EQUIP section for mammography
corrective action
the process of lobular regression
involution
which non surgical treamtent uses a seed inserted into the breast
brachytherpay
secretion of fluid from the nipple; spontaneous or elicited with pressure
nipple discharge
what is a disadvantage of a linear grid
higher dose to patient
anechoic
no echoes (black)
the energy released from the metastable is the form on a ___ -___ light
blue-purple
What is the corrective action if an artifact is noticed on the phantom and found to come from the monitor
it needs to be fixed before it can be used
These usually form as a result of fat necrosis or are calcifying hematomas
oil cyst
True or false
the procedure for documenting procedures when images are of poor quality does not have to be a written procedure
true
The breast extends medially from the ____ to the ____
mid-sternum to mid axillary line
What feature of the high transmission cellular grid allows these grids to maintain equal or less radiation dose ot the patient compeared with linear grids
copper strips and air interspace
True or false
the base of the breast is the inframammary fold
false
Frequency processing or spatial frequency filter is the averaging of the signal strength of one pixel with the strength of adjacent pixel or neighboring pixels
edge enhancement
fibrous, glandular and fatty tissue surrounded by a thin capsule of connetive tissue. thought of as a breast within a breast
hamartoma
fibroadenolipoma
