ARRT TEST 3 Flashcards
Which of the following can cause delays in lactogenesis?
high levels of cortisol
What type of artifact is associated with patient movement distorting the image?
motion artifact
The characteristics of the mammography system would include all but which of the following?
Dose efficiency
Spatial resolution
Image noise transfer
Variable noise patterns
Variable noise patterns
The caudocranial (FB) projection prevents the abdomen from:
entering the x-ray field
A clinical breast exam is performed by whom?
physician
Which of the following is the most common anomaly of the breast?
Polythelia
Tight clusters and irregular shapes of breast calcifications are an indicator for what?
breast cancer
Which of the following is considered an artifact caused by the image detector?
Dust spots
Image noise
Dead pixels
Hazy segments
dead pixels
What subcategory of BIRADS IV is associated with intermediate level of suspicion for malignancy?
Category 4b
Five to ten percent of invasive breast tumors are classified as which of the following?
lobular carcinoma
If a patient presents with special circumstances, such as excess scar tissue, what type of mammogram should be used?
diagnostic mammogram
Which of the following might be considered a complication of simple mastectomy?
flap necrosis
What is the advantage of a SOFT paddle over a conventional paddle?
It provides equal compression to all areas of the breast
In an analog mammography unit, a grid improves image contrast by letting the primary x-ray beam pass through:
its interspace material
Compared to analog mammography, digital mammography is a better method of obtaining mammograms because it allows for what
gray areas
XCCL requires what?
The lateral aspect of the breast to be placed in a forward position.
Unlike a core needle biopsy, a vacuum-assisted biopsy is able to obtain multiple biopsy samples by doing what?
creating one insertion site
How long does ductography typically take to perform?
30 minutes to an hour to complete
Total filtration is equal to which of the following?
inherent + added
In which MLO section will the anterior breast be held and supported outward while the breast is compressed?
Central and posterior deep tissue.
When viewing the digital image on the monitor, the radiologist can refine the image by using all but which of the following?
Zoom
Changing contrast
Window/leveling
Inverting the image
Changing contrast
VNA
Vendor neutral archive.
Which of the following categories of the BI-RADS assessment categories requires findings less than 2% for malignancy risk?
BIRAD 3
Fibrous tissue that forms in the breast is known as which of the following?
fibrosis
Which of the following would not cause blurring in a mammogram image?
Equipment that is defective
Patient motion
Too short of exposure
Too long exposure
Too short of exposure
Skin can be taken from which of the following for nipple reconstruction?
inner thigh
Records must be kept for each serious consumer complaint received at a facility for at least 3 years. Which of the following would not be considered a “serious” complaint?
Poor image quality
Protracted waiting time
Use of personnel that do not meet FDA qualifications
Failure to send reports or summaries within 30 days
Protracted waiting time
Which of the following is a standard and the best-established perceptual image quality metric that is of direct clinical relevance?
ROC
Which of the following would be considered secondary radiation?
scatter
A hospital information system (HIS) is designed to do what for a facility?
Manage information regarding inpatients
Manage information regarding staff and administrators
Manage all physician and practioner information for a facility
Manage all medical and administrative information
Manage all medical and administrative information
Which of the following might ductal carcinoma present with?
Green drainage
Microcalcifications
Masses
Both B and C
Both B and C
How does having breast cancer in one breast impact a woman’s chances of developing it in the other breast?
Increases it 3 to 4 times
Breast ultrasounds are especially beneficial for patients with which of the following?
dense breast
How does the breast tissue extend?
from side to side
Which of the following is a category used to calculate a medical audits’ derived data?
Summative data
Correlated data
Collimation
True positives
True positives
Which of the following would best describe the focal spot with a mammogram?
The highest level of radiation being emitted
The center of the X-ray machine
The spot the anode tube intrudes on the electron beam
The spot the electron beam intrudes on the anode tube
The spot the electron beam intrudes on the anode tube
What process involves lining up the mammographic views from largest angle to the lowest angle?
triangulation
A type of audit that evaluates the interpreters ability to identify cancer on a mammographic image is known as:
A tumor registry assessment
A medical outcomes audit
A cancer study
An oncology audit
A medical outcomes audit
Radiation that is focused from a beam outside the body onto the areas where cancer was present is known as which of the following?
external beam radiation
There are different divisions of an HIS system. The physician information system is designed to help physicians do which of the following?
Manage work hours
Manage their nursing staff
Manage patient care costs
Manage patient care tools
Manage patient care tools
What is one common limitation of screening mammograms?
they can produce false results
A diagnostic procedure for breast cancer in which an tumor less than 2 cm is removed in its entirety for biopsy is known as which of the following?
exisional biopsy
A quality control system that refers to mammary assessment categories is known as which of the following?
BIRADS
MGD
Mean Glandular dose
When performing a pneumocystogram, the lesion would more than likely be injected with which of the following prior to the mammogram being performed?
air
The breast is supported by tissue between which two ribs?
Second and third
How should a patient’s arm be positioned for an LM view?
The arm on the side being imaged should be above the patient’s head.
The arm on the side being imaged should be lifted, bent at the elbow and grasping the handle.
The arm on the side being imaged should be at the patient’s side.
Both arms should be bent at the elbow.
The arm on the side being imaged should be lifted, bent at the elbow and grasping the handle.
When positioning the patient for an LM view, where should the image receptor be placed?
In between the patient’s breasts
The tangential view is used for abnormalities that are suspected in which part of the breast?
the skin
What part of the glandular tissue empties into lactiferous ducts?
Ductules
Which of the following situations would require the technologist to use a spot compression view?
During the patient’s routine screening mammogram.
The physician suspects a mass in upper quadrant of the breast.
The physician believes the patient is at higher risk for breast cancer.
The patient has not had a mammogram for several years.
The physician suspects a mass in upper quadrant of the breast.
The network software that is used for managing medical imagery, radiological records, and associated data is known as which of the following?
RIS (Radiology information system)
If a patient is being evaluated with tests and/or procedures to help determine if they have breast cancer, which of the following combinations would be considered correct?
Ultrasound, BSE, and clinical examination
Mammography, ultrasound, and surgery
BSE, ultrasound, and chest x-ray
Diagnostic mammography and clinical breast examination
Diagnostic mammography and clinical breast examination
Of the following, what is the second step when using XCCL?
Direct the beam superior to inferior
Face patient toward unit, feet forward
Lean patient inward, relaxing shoulders
Bring inferior part of breast onto image receptor
Face patient toward unit, feet forward
Which of the following would be considered a picture element?
Conversion
Wavelength
Pixel
Byte
Pixel
Which of the following would be considered a correct statement regarding the breast?
Ducts branch far from the nipple
Glandular tissue is not found near the nipple
At the nipple, subcutaneous fat is minimal
At the nipple, subcutaneous fat is at its maximum
At the nipple, subcutaneous fat is minimal
Any opacity on a radiograph that does not correspond to an actual anatomic structure from the patient is known as what?
An artifact
Lobules contain about how many supporting alveoli?
10-100
All of the following are advantages of using the HTC (high-transmission grid) except:
It can absorb more scatter x-rays.
Interspace material is still needed.
It allows more through transmission of more primary x-rays.
A higher contrast image is produced with a similar dose to the conventional grid.
Interspace material is still needed.
Every workstation is equipped with imaging software and every user must
have ___ before accessing?
Special reading glasses
A password
A supervisor present
Extensive training
A password
Which of the following can provide a single and consolidated archiving platform that can host files from various PACS software?
VNA
A backscatter artifact is a type of what?
digital artifact
