ARRT TEST 5 Flashcards
With a tangential projection (TAN) projection, the C-arm direction is determined by the:
Location of the abnormality
A mammographic position in which the beam is always perpendicular to the skin’s surface is known as which of the following?
Tangential
What section of the HL7 standards defines the tools and building blocks that are needed to build the standards?
Foundational standards
The ‘lossyness’ of an image can appear as what?
Pixelation
Which of the following improves breastfeeding quality?
High level of testosterone.
Low level of testosterone.
High level of cortisol.
Low level of cortisol.
Low level of cortisol.
How is the nipple displayed in an XCCM
in profile
A term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer is known as which of the following?
Atypical lobular hyperplasia
Gynecomastia
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Terminal ductal lobular unit
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
The MQSA requires every facility have an ‘onsite evaluation of the facility by the Secretary, or State or local agency on behalf of the Secretary’, also known as what?
A formal meeting.
A survey
A conference
An inspection
An inspection
Which of the following is commonly found on 5-8% of routine mammograms?
Ductal ectasis is found.
Breast abscesses are found.
Radial scars are found.
Intramammary lymph nodes are found.
Intramammary lymph nodes are found.
Which of the following is a workstation that interfaces to the gantry and is used by the technologist?
MDRS
CAD
PACS
AWS
AWS
Which part of the breast is examined in a clinical breast exam, but often
overlooked in a breast self-exam?
the nipple
If the exposure number is too low:
the pixels are saturated
different tissue types are indistinguishable
the image looks noisy
the patient receives more radiation than needed
the image looks noisy
What mammogram view is used to capture the most lateral portion of the breast and portions of the axilla?
Mediolateral oblique (MLO) view
Cleavage (CV) view
Axillary tail (AT) view
Mediolateral (ML) view
Axillary tail (AT) view
Which of the following would be the correct ratio for how many breast cancers are found in women under 45 years of age?
1 out of 8
Grids improve contrast by allowing primary x-rays to pass through while absorbing the secondary scatter. As a result, this can increase the x-ray dose by:
Twice that of a study without a grid.
Three times that of a study without a grid.
Five times that of a study without a grid.
Ten times that of a study without a grid.
Three times that of a study without a grid.
Because the technologist can view the mammogram in real time and does not have the need to process them, this can lead to what for the patient?
fewer retakes
Unlike other breast biopsies, a stereotactic biopsy is often performed with the patient in what position?
Lying face down
The extension of the breast toward the armpit is known as which of the following?
Midaxillary line
Mammary process
Breast bed
Axillary process of the breast
Axillary process of the breast
What is NOT one of the three primary categories for positioning?
Standard projections
Additional projections to locate abnormalities
Implant displaced
Additional projections to effectively define
Implant displaced
What mammogram view is considered an oblique or angled view?
CC
MLO
ML
LM
MLO
When deploying Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), it is important to consider what?
The environment in which it will be used.
What electronic systems are in use.
Who uses it.
All of the above.
All of the above.
If the term orthogonal is used on a mammography report, it would indicate which of the following?
At a right angle
At a left angle
At an acute angle
At no angle
At a right angle
Which of the following is used for the retrieval of medical images?
ACR
PACS
HL7
DICOM
PACS
The FDA requires the mammogram compression paddles remain in what position at all times?
Horizontally facing the technologist
Parallel to the standing patient
Parallel to the breast support table
At a 45 degree angle from the patient
Parallel to the breast support table
What type of compression is used in the majority of mammogram procedures?
Motorized compression
The breast is divided into six breast regions. Which is not one of these regions?
Inferiorly
Laterally
Anteriorly
Medially
Anteriorly
Which of the following anode-filter combinations would be used for a patient who has moderately thick, dense breasts?
Mo-Mo
W-Mo
Rh-Rh
Mo-Rh
Mo-Rh
A galactogram is designed to test problems with which part of the breast?
The nipple
For CC views, in what section should the patient’s opposite medial breast be included?
Lateral
Medial
Central
Peripheral
Medial
How does a malignant breast lesion appear on a mammogram?
The lesion appears as a neodensity.
The lesion appears as a macrocalcification clustering.
The lesion appears as a spiculated mass.
Both A and C
Both A and C
Fibroadenomas are benign masses that are most common in women between the ages of?
20-40
The average glandular dose of radiation received by a woman in a typical mammogram is which of the following?
4 mGy
2 mGy
- 1 mGy
- 4 mGy
4 mGy
The sentinel node is typically the first node to be identified with what?
An ultrasound
An MRI
An x-ray
A radioactive dye.
A radioactive dye.
The digital monitors would have all but which of the following minimum requirements?
A minimum matrix size that is capable of displaying at the very least 5 lp/mm
A minimum bit depth of 10
A lossless compression that is used to achieve in PACS
6 monitors of at least 5MP
6 monitors of at least 5MP
Of the following statements, which would be considered correct regarding PACS?
Image archives are accessible at only one location
Images can be archived in secure locations
Images are not archived in secure locations
Images are available for all public access
Images can be archived in secure locations
Which of the following would be considered correct?
Breast tissue fluid always remains in the breasts.
Breast tissue fluid drains out from the lymph nodes and then into the lymphatics.
Breast tissue fluid drains out from the lymphatics and then into the lymph nodes.
Breast tissue fluid dissolves.
Breast tissue fluid drains out from the lymphatics and then into the lymph nodes.
When using the CC Implant Displaced view, which of these is third?
The patient bends forward from the waist. The breast tissue is pullled forward, while posteriorly displacing the implant. The patient then stands up.
Gently pull breast tissue onto the cassette holder. Hold the inferior tissue against the edge of the bucky.
Have patient push body against image receptor.
Apply compression.
Have patient push body against image receptor.
Which of the following percentage of breast cancers typically occur in the UOQ?
50%
Which of the following is a type of hamartoma?
Systemic contusion
Malignant infection
Rim calcification
Fibroadenolipoma
Fibroadenolipoma
Of the following, which would be the appropriate reason that the anatomy of the breast can be difficult to image when performing a mammography?
The size of the mammography equipment.
The age and weight of the patient.
The similar density of all the structures of the breast.
The structures of the breast all have different density values.
The similar density of all the structures of the breast.
Digital mammography allows the technologist to do what with the mammogram?
Manipulate the contrast of the image.
Store the image on film cassettes.
Shred the final copy after the procedure.
Change the final results of the image.
Manipulate the contrast of the image.
Which part of the mammography tube does filtration occur?
The tube’s window port
The grid
The dynamic range
The film tray
The tube’s window port
A patient with no family history of breast cancer should begin routine biennial mammograms at which of the following ages?
40 years
50 years
35 years
Only if she finds a lump
50 years
The energy beam for a mammography would need to be ______ energy?
Low
Medium
High
Moderate
Low
What part of the glandular tissue produces milk?
Lobules
Lobes
Alveoli
Lymph nodes
Alveoli
CAD use with mammograms was approved in what year?
1998
What mammogram view is used to identify palpable abnormalities in the breast?
Cleavage (CV) view
Spot compression
Tangential (TAN) view
Mediolateral (ML) view
Tangential (TAN) view
What part of the glandular tissue widens underneath the nipple to become lactiferous sinuses?
Ductules.
Lactiferous ducts.
Alveoli.
Connective tissue.
Lactiferous ducts.
The tiers for storage within the PACS networking would be considered all but which of the following?
Offsite backups
Direct current online storage
Offline/long-term storage
Outline/short-term storage
Direct current online storage
If the distance between the object to image receptor is increased, the magnification of the the breast tissue is increased. This causes what to happen to the final image?
The contrast is decreased
Motion blurs
The contrast is increased
Decreased image quality
The contrast is increased
A BIRADS rating of 4A indicates which of the following?
The patient’s images show an abnormality with a low suspicion for malignancy.
The patient’s images show an abnormality with moderate suspicion for malignancy.
The patient’s images show an abnormality that has moderate concern for malignancy.
The patient’s images show a known malignancy.
The patient’s images show an abnormality with a low suspicion for malignancy.
The cancer that is in the duct cells of the breast that has not invaded deeper into the tissue or metastasized would be considered?
LCIS
Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS
Invasive lobular carcinoma
DCIS
If the mammography equipment has a high frequency generator, the benefits could include which of the following?
It decreases voltage ripple
It is larger in size
It increased voltage ripple
It decreases the exposure technique
It decreases voltage ripple
If the magnification mammography is performed without a small focal spot, the resulting image will be magnified and which of the following?
And blurred
And sharply outlined
With increased subject contrast
With increased detail
And blurred
Which of the following is a type of tissue that is classified as one of the breast parenchyma’s connective and supportive stroma structures?
Extralobular stroma
Gamma stroma
Lymphatic stroma
Infiltrating stroma
Extralobular stroma
Each breast may be viewed as which of the following?
Alveoli
Face of a clock
Quadrant
Square
Face of a clock
Which of the following involves removing a breast and an ellipse of skin that encompasses the nipple-areola?
Double mastectomy.
Radical mastectomy.
Lumpectomy.
Simple mastectomy.
Simple mastectomy.
A woman’s risk for breast cancer increases after which age?
30 years
40 years
35 years
18 years
40 years
