Test Revision

Question 1

Mitochondria makes ATP. Which structure within the mitochondria facilitates this function?

Answer 1

The inner folds of the cristae and matrix

Question 2

What is the function of the flagella?

Answer 2

Allows the organisms to be motile (capable of motion)

Question 3

Do the lipid tails allow non-polar molecules to pass through the membrane via simple diffusion?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

When comparing cytosol to cytoplasm, it can be stated that:
A. the cytosol is found within the nucleus, and includes the chromosomes
B. the cytoplasm is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles
C. the cytosol is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles
D. the cytoplasm is found within the nucleus, and includes the chromosomes

Answer 4

C. the cytosol is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles

Question 5

Why can a eukaryotic cell be larger than a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 5

As eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, that create separate compartments within the cell that can carry out different functions enabling the cell to be larger, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles, therefore are limited in size

Question 6

Why does the smooth muscle of the heart have many mitochondria?

Answer 6

Enables the heart muscle to expand and contract continuously.

Question 7

Organelles other than the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells:

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, Chloroplasts, Large Vacuole

Question 8

Why do prokaryotic cells not have an E.R., Golgi body, chloroplasts, large vacuole?

Answer 8

E.R. and Golgi body have membranes, which prokaryotes do not have. Chloroplasts have a lipid membrane, exclusive to eukaryotes. Large vacuoles are in larger cells.

Question 9

What is the membranous network located near the nucleus?

Answer 9

Rough E.R. with ribosomes

Question 10

Define osmosis:

Answer 10

Osmosis is the diffusion and movement of water across the semi-permeable plasma membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 11

A molecule that is unable to cross the membrane unaided:

Answer 11

Hydrophilic molecules such as glucose molecules

Question 12

Differences between facilitated diffusion occurring through a protein channel and facilitated diffusion occurring via a carrier protein?

Answer 12

1. Transport through a protein channel is faster than via a carrier protein.
2. Carrier protein changes shape when transporting a molecule, whereas the protein channel remains the same shape.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell: ribosomes, circular DNA, mitochondria, cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

Is there a size difference in ribosomes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Yes, prokaryotic cells have small ribosomes, eukaryotic cells have large ribosomes

Question 15

Types of electron microscopes?

Answer 15

Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.

Question 16

The 3-D structural framework within a cell is provided by the:

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Within the cell, ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is correct of ribosomes?
A. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for use within the cell
B. ribosomes attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell
C. ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm make proteins for export from the cell
D. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell

Answer 17

D. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell

Question 18

What high energy compound do mitochondria produce?

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

Difference between the cytosol and the cytoplasm?

Answer 19

The cytosol refers to the watery substance that holds all of the organelles. The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and the suspended organelles, excluding the nucleus.

Question 20

Conventions that scientific drawings must follow:

Answer 20

Scale, Magnification, Title, Grey lead drawings, Labels not over drawing and to the right, Straight lines with ruler, no shading

Question 21

Benefits of cell compartmentalization?

Answer 21

1- Allows different processes that have different requirements to happen simultaneously
2- Makes cells less vulnerable to changes in external environment
3- Keeps enzymes and reactant close together at the right conditions for a particular process

Question 22

Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 22

have fluids inside of it
have both solid and liquid components
are membrane-bound
have two membranes
have their own DNA
convert energy
provide the cell with energy

Question 23

How can eukaryotic cells can efficiently function even when they become bigger in volume?

Answer 23

Cell compartmentalization: allows organelles to have right conditions to function more
efficiently together
Elongated shape: Increases the surface area to volume ratio which makes cells
more efficient in exchanging materials with the outer environment
Membrane extension or folds (microvilli):
gives the cell more surface area for better efficiency in absorbing nutrients

Question 24

Why is carbon dioxide able to continually diffuse out of cells?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide is able to continually diffuse out of cells because substances are constantly being imported, made or used by the cell.

Question 25

Why would a thin flat cell have a greater rate of diffusion to and from its centre than a thick spherical cell?

Answer 25

Thick barriers have a slower rate of diffusion than thin barriers. Surface area to volume ratio as well.

Question 26

Why would a thin flat cell have a greater rate of diffusion to and from its centre than a thick spherical cell?

Answer 26

Thick barriers have a slower rate of diffusion than thin barriers. Surface area to volume ratio as well.

Question 27

The role of cell wall pressure in generating cell turgor in plants?

Answer 27

The turgor pressure is generated when the cell contents press against the cell wall. The cell wall restricts expansion and bursting of the cell.

Question 28

What is an ion pump?

Answer 28

Transmembrane protein that use energy to move ions and molecules across the membrane against their concentration gradient.