Test Revision Flashcards
Mitochondria makes ATP. Which structure within the mitochondria facilitates this function?
The inner folds of the cristae and matrix
What is the function of the flagella?
Allows the organisms to be motile (capable of motion)
Do the lipid tails allow non-polar molecules to pass through the membrane via simple diffusion?
Yes
When comparing cytosol to cytoplasm, it can be stated that:
A. the cytosol is found within the nucleus, and includes the chromosomes
B. the cytoplasm is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles
C. the cytosol is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles
D. the cytoplasm is found within the nucleus, and includes the chromosomes
C. the cytosol is the liquid component of the cell, excluding the organelles
Why can a eukaryotic cell be larger than a prokaryotic cell?
As eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, that create separate compartments within the cell that can carry out different functions enabling the cell to be larger, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles, therefore are limited in size
Why does the smooth muscle of the heart have many mitochondria?
Enables the heart muscle to expand and contract continuously.
Organelles other than the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells:
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, Chloroplasts, Large Vacuole
Why do prokaryotic cells not have an E.R., Golgi body, chloroplasts, large vacuole?
E.R. and Golgi body have membranes, which prokaryotes do not have. Chloroplasts have a lipid membrane, exclusive to eukaryotes. Large vacuoles are in larger cells.
What is the membranous network located near the nucleus?
Rough E.R. with ribosomes
Define osmosis:
Osmosis is the diffusion and movement of water across the semi-permeable plasma membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
A molecule that is unable to cross the membrane unaided:
Hydrophilic molecules such as glucose molecules
Differences between facilitated diffusion occurring through a protein channel and facilitated diffusion occurring via a carrier protein?
- Transport through a protein channel is faster than via a carrier protein.
- Carrier protein changes shape when transporting a molecule, whereas the protein channel remains the same shape.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell: ribosomes, circular DNA, mitochondria, cytoplasm?
Mitochondria
Is there a size difference in ribosomes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Yes, prokaryotic cells have small ribosomes, eukaryotic cells have large ribosomes
Types of electron microscopes?
Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.
The 3-D structural framework within a cell is provided by the:
Cytoskeleton
Within the cell, ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is correct of ribosomes?
A. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for use within the cell
B. ribosomes attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell
C. ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm make proteins for export from the cell
D. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell
D. ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins for export from the cell
What high energy compound do mitochondria produce?
ATP
Difference between the cytosol and the cytoplasm?
The cytosol refers to the watery substance that holds all of the organelles. The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and the suspended organelles, excluding the nucleus.
Conventions that scientific drawings must follow:
Scale, Magnification, Title, Grey lead drawings, Labels not over drawing and to the right, Straight lines with ruler, no shading
Benefits of cell compartmentalization?
1- Allows different processes that have different requirements to happen simultaneously
2- Makes cells less vulnerable to changes in external environment
3- Keeps enzymes and reactant close together at the right conditions for a particular process
Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?
have fluids inside of it
have both solid and liquid components
are membrane-bound
have two membranes
have their own DNA
convert energy
provide the cell with energy
How can eukaryotic cells can efficiently function even when they become bigger in volume?
Cell compartmentalization: allows organelles to have right conditions to function more
efficiently together
Elongated shape: Increases the surface area to volume ratio which makes cells
more efficient in exchanging materials with the outer environment
Membrane extension or folds (microvilli):
gives the cell more surface area for better efficiency in absorbing nutrients
Why is carbon dioxide able to continually diffuse out of cells?
Carbon dioxide is able to continually diffuse out of cells because substances are constantly being imported, made or used by the cell.
Why would a thin flat cell have a greater rate of diffusion to and from its centre than a thick spherical cell?
Thick barriers have a slower rate of diffusion than thin barriers. Surface area to volume ratio as well.
Why would a thin flat cell have a greater rate of diffusion to and from its centre than a thick spherical cell?
Thick barriers have a slower rate of diffusion than thin barriers. Surface area to volume ratio as well.
The role of cell wall pressure in generating cell turgor in plants?
The turgor pressure is generated when the cell contents press against the cell wall. The cell wall restricts expansion and bursting of the cell.
What is an ion pump?
Transmembrane protein that use energy to move ions and molecules across the membrane against their concentration gradient.
