Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6CO2 + 6H2O -sunlight-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

What organisms can undertake photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 3

What does the wax cover on leaves do?

Answer 3

Protects the leaf and retains water

Question 4

What are mesophyll cells?

Answer 4

They are cells inside the leaves. They contain large amounts of chloroplasts.

Question 5

What are the two co-enzymes?

Answer 5

ATP and NADPH

Question 6

What are the main parts of a chloroplast?

Answer 6

Thylakoid disk, granum, outer membrane, intermembrane space, stroma, inner membrane

Question 7

Where do the light reaction and dark reactions happen?

Answer 7

Light-dependent: Thylakoid
Light-independent: Stroma

Question 8

What is the light independent stage called?

Answer 8

The Calvin cycle

Question 9

How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

Answer 9

Diffuses into leaf through the stomata

Question 10

How does water enter the leaf?

Answer 10

From the roots, water is transported through the xylem to the leaves

Question 11

What is glucose used for?

Answer 11

Used in cellular respiration,
energy or to make cellulose.

Question 12

How does oxygen enter leaf and what is it used for?

Answer 12

Diffuses out of the leaf via the stomata and used in respiration

Question 13

How does light reaction happen?

Answer 13

1. Light strikes the chlorophyll, and 2 electrons are transferred from one molecule to another via electron transport chain.
2. Hydrogen ions are bought into the thylakoid space.
3. Enzyme splits water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen. Once two oxygen atoms join, O2 leaves and hydrogen ions stay in thylakoid space.
4. Light strikes again, electrons load onto NADP+ and H+ to make NADPH.

Question 14

Why is it called a dark reaction?

Answer 14

Happens in presence of light, but doesn’t need it.

Question 15

What happens in the dark reaction stage?

Answer 15

6CO2 molecules from the atmosphere + ATP + NADPH is converted to glucose. 6 turns of Calvin cycle to make 1 glucose.

Question 16

How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to make glucose?

Answer 16

6

Question 17

Steps of photosynthesis?

Answer 17

1. Sunlight excites electron
2. Water absorbed through xylem and split into H and O2 (donates an electron)
3. Excited electron and H+ ion create ATP and NADPH
4. Oxygen released
5. CO2 enters cyclic reaction after being diffused into leaf through stomata
6. Carbon undergoes reactions with ATP and NADPH to create carbon-based molecules
7. Carbon molecule, ATP and NADPH creates glucose.

Question 18

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 18

Cyanobacteria contains chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are descendants of cyanobacteria which were engulfed by eukaryotes 2 billion years ago. Cyanobacteria slowly progressed to chloroplasts.

Question 19

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Photosynthesis is the process of capturing light energy to power the production of glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 20

What is the process called when oxygen moves within the chloroplast?

Answer 20

Light-independent stage

Question 21

Why don’t animals use the same anaerobic respiration process as fungi?

Answer 21

Fungi and plants do not require lactic acid, but instead, require ethanol.

Question 22

What source of energy is needed to combine ADP and Pi to make ATP?

Answer 22

Sunlight

Question 23

What is the role of glucose in the body?

Answer 23

• main source of energy that drives their metabolic reactions (respiration)
• building block for cellulose synthesis

Question 24

How is glucose stored in animals vs plants?

Answer 24

Animals: Glycogen
Plants: Starch