5C: The Digestive System Flashcards
What are the accessory organs in the digestive system, and what do they do?
Pancreas - regulates blood sugar level and secretes bicarbonate (neutralizes acids in chyme)
Gallbladder - Stores bile
Liver - site of bile production
What are the parts of the small intestine, and what is in intestinal juice?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Intestinal juice includes all enzymes (+ lipase)
What are the parts of the large intestine, and what does it do?
Appendix, Caecum, Colon, Rectum (RACC)
Absorption of water and electrolytes
What are the three types of enzymes involved in digestion, and what does it turn into?
Amylase: Carbohydrates (starch) -> glucose
Protease: Proteins -> amino acid molecules
Lipase: Fats -> fatty acid and glycerol molecules
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the process of the oesophagus having wave-line contractions that pushes the food down into the stomach
What achieves the mixing of stomach acid and enzymes in food?
The churning of the stomach forces the stomach acid and enzymes to mix
What pH is stomach acid, what is it called, and how does it form?
1-3 pH stomach acid, strong hydrochloric acid, and is released by [parietal] cells
What are the parts of the digestive system?
Mouth (oral cavity), oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What are the purposes of the digestive system?
- Food must be digested (Mechanical: breaking food down into smaller pieces, Chemical: breaking biomacromolecule (protein) into subunits (amino acids) for absorption
- Enough absorptive surface area for sufficient absorption
- Remove waste from body
- Absorb nutrients
What is mechanical digestion?
Breaking food into smaller pieces, through chewing, muscle contractions, and stirring of food by muscle movement (teeth and stomach). GREATLY INCREASES SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO
What is chemical digestion?
Digestion by enzymes, where biomacromolecules are broken into their subunits. They turn small enough to be absorbed.
What factors affect enzyme function?
pH level and temperature
What are polysaccharides and monosaccharides?
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates, and monosaccharides are simple sugars.
What are goblet cells and what do they do?
- Intestinal epithelial cells
- Synthesize + secrete mucus
- Create protective mucus layer
What are chief cells?
Stomach cell that secrete digestive enzymes (pepsinogen = inactive form of pepsin)
