3C: Active Transport Flashcards
Active transport differs from passive transport because
ATP is required to move molecules.
Protein-mediated active transport involves: (Select all that apply)
I ATP
II energy
III protein pumps
IV protein channels
V moving molecules down their concentration gradient
VI moving molecules against their concentration gradient
I; II; III; VI
During active transport, energy is used to:
- change the conformation of protein pumps or carrier proteins.
- energise molecules for transportation across the membrane.
- block protein channels.
change the conformation of protein pumps or carrier proteins.
When ions are pumped into a cell, making it hypertonic to the environment, water will:
- move out of the cell via osmosis.
- be actively pumped into the cell.
- passively move into the cell.
- not be affected.
passively move into the cell.
Bulk transport:
- comes in two forms: pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
- moves large molecules or groups of molecules using vesicles.
- harnesses vesicles to transport secretory products into the cell.
- uses energy to move small substances against their concentration gradient.
moves large molecules or groups of molecules using vesicles.
What does high turgor mean?
Lots of water
How does bacteria enter the cell membrane?
Via endocytosis
What is the process of exocytosis?
When molecules are exiting the cell, they are packaged by the Golgi body and exported by vesicles to the cell membrane via cytoskeletons. Because the membrane is fluid, the vesicles (also made of phospholipids), merge into the membrane. (Vesicles join to the membrane to release vesicle contents into extracellular environment).
What is the process of endocytosis?
Molecules push against the cell membrane, and the two ends enclose and trap the molecules inside. The vesicle is now called a food vacuole, as it makes its way into the cell.
What is it called when a solid substance is being engulfed by the cell membrane?
Phagocytosis. Can be bacteria, proteins.
What is it called when a liquid/fluid is being engulfed by the cell membrane?
Pinocytosis: droplet of fat (lipid)
Bulk transport of an enzyme out of a pancreatic cell can be referred to as
Exocytosis
What does moving against a concentration gradient mean?
Moving against a concentration gradient means moving from a low concentration area to a high concentration area. These molecules are transported via a carrier protein using ATP.
Identify the substance(s) that can be transported by exocytosis. (Select all that apply)
I proteins
II large molecules
III secretory products
IV groups of molecules
V small, nonpolar molecules
I, II, III, IV
Protein export does not involve
- vesicular transport of proteins out of the cell.
- the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
- specialised vesicles transporting hydrophobic substances.
- sorting and modification of proteins at the Golgi apparatus.
specialised vesicles transporting hydrophobic substances.
