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OB/GYN Section 2 > test review > Flashcards

test review Flashcards

1
Q

Decidua basalis

A

the myometrial or burrowing side of the conceptus

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2
Q

Decidua capsularis

A

the villi covering the developing embryo

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3
Q

Double decidual sac sign

A

interface between the decidua capsularis and the echogenic decidua on the opposite wall of the endometrial cavity

good indication of intrauterine pregnancy

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4
Q

Secondary Yolk sac

A

earlist gestational anatomy seen normally seen at 5 weeks gestation

growth rate .1mm/ml of growth of the MSD hwen the MSD is less than 15mm

detaches from yolk stalk at approx 8 weeks gestation

provides nutrients, hemotopoiesis and embryonic endoderm which forms the primitive gut

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5
Q

Gestational sac size

A

mean sac size correlates closely with menstrual age during early pregnancy remains accurate through first 8 weeks of gestation

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

heartbeat less than 90 bpm

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7
Q

Tachycardia

A

heartbeat more than 170 bpm

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8
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

insufficient amount of amnionic fluid in the sac

if sac is 5mm less than CRl oligohydramnios may be suspected

demise is highly probable

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9
Q

Heteroectopic

A

one pregnancy in the uterus and another outside of the uterus

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10
Q

Acrania

A

abnormal mineralization of bony structures

abnormally shaped “mickey mouse” head

results in no brain no skull

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11
Q

Anencephaly

A

absence of cranium from superior to orbits with preservation of base of skull and face

brain may project from open cranium

results in face but no skull or brain

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12
Q

Cephalocele

A

Midline cranial defect

herniation of brain and meninges

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13
Q

Iniencephaly

A

defect in occiput involving the foramen magnum

extreme retroflexoin of spine

open spinal defect

very rare

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14
Q

Ventriculomegaly

A

dilation of ventricular system without enlargement of cranium

compression of choriod plexus

increased cerebrospinal fluid

dangling choroid in dilated lateral ventricle

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15
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

failure of prosencephalon to differentiate into cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles between 4th and 8th weeks

complete to partial failure of cleavage of prosencephalon

facial dysmorphysim

3 tyupes alobar, semilobar and lobar

it is important to remember that before 9wks the normal fetal brain appears to have a single ventricle until the falx cerebri develops

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16
Q

Dandy-walker malformation

A

6th to 7th week gestatoin

cystic dilatoin of fourth ventricle

dysgenesis or agenesis of cerebellar vermis and hydrocephaly

elevated tentorium

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17
Q

Spina bifida

A

occurs when neural tube fails to close after 6 weeks gestation

appearance includes spinal irregularites or bulging within the posterior contour of the fetal spine

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18
Q

Turners syndrome

A

most common karyotype abnormality non lethal endochrine disorder cause by failure of the ovaries to respond to pituitary hormone

only im females

no ovaries

short growth

webbing around neck and digits

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19
Q

Uterine fibroids

A

common throughout pregnancy may increase in size throughout first trimester and early 2nd because of estrogen stimulatoin

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20
Q

Diamnitoic

A

multiple pregnancies with two anmiotic sacs

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21
Q

Dichorionic

A

multiple pregnancies with two chorionic sacs

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22
Q

Monoamniotic

A

multiple pregnancies with one anmiotic sacs

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23
Q

Monochorionic

A

multiple pregnancies with one chorionic sacs

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24
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

the formation of RBC’s starts in the yolk sac and then moves to the liver

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25
gestational sac 1
amnion
26
gestational sac 2
connecting stalk
27
gestational sac 3
embryonic disc
28
gestational sac 4
yolk sac
29
gestational sac 5
chorion
30
gestational sac 6
chorionic cavity
31
gestational sac 7
amniotic sac
32
gestational sac 8
umbilical cord
33
gestational sac 9
yolk sac
34
gestational sac 10
amnion
35
gestational sac 11
connecting stalk
36
gestational sac 12
yolk sac
37
gestational sac 13
chorionic cavity
38
gestational sac 14
smooth chorion
39
gestational sac 15
amnion
40
gestational sac 16
amniotic sac
41
gestational sac 17
umbilical cord
42
gestational sac 18
yolk sac remnant
43
Which holonecehphaly is the worst
Alobar consists of a single ventricle, cmall cerebrum, fused thalami, agenesis of corpus callosum and falx cerebri remember that before 9 wks normal fetal brain appears to have single ventricle until falx cerebri developes after 9 wks
44
Which cavity is where the fetus exists
fetus exists in the amionic cavity
45
lab test that indicates pregnancy
test for human chorionic gonadotropin level hCG test
46
hCg levels plateaus at
9- 10 weeks subsequently decline while gestation continues
47
Chorion and amnion fuse at this time
16 weeks
48
Fetal heartbeat detected
day 36 heart beat begines to beat
49
Gestational sac MSD is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_an no yolk sac is visualized this should provoke suspicions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
12 mm abnormal pregnancy
50
proper measurement of MSD
L + W + H /3
51
Hernation of the mid gut loop decends into the abdomen at about the
11th week
52
normal cystic area in the fetal skull
rhombencephalon divides into two segments, cephalic (metencephalon) and caudal (myelencephalon) component once it divides it forms the cystic rhomboid fossa
53
fetal membrane and uterine wall 1
Decidua basalis
54
fetal membrane and uterine wall 2
amniotic fluid
55
fetal membrane and uterine wall 3
yolk sac
56
fetal membrane and uterine wall 4
placenta
57
fetal membrane and uterine wall 5
chorion laeve
58
fetal membrane and uterine wall 6
decidua capsularis
59
fetal membrane and uterine wall 7
amnionic cavity
60
fetal membrane and uterine wall 8
chorionic cavity
61
fetal membrane and uterine wall 9
decidua parietalis
62
Conception 1
Zygote
63
Conception 2
fertilization
64
conception 3
ovum
65
conception 4
developing follicle
66
conception 5
implantation
67
conception 6
blastocyte
68
conception 7
marula
69
Subchorionic hemorrhage
The most common occurrence of bleeding in the first trimester. These low process bleeds are from implantation of the fertilized ovum into the endometrial cavity and myometrial wall. Found between the myometrium margins of the gestational sac and may or may not be associated with placenta.
70
Normal cardiac activity
125-160 at week 12 it is slower early in the pregnancy and rises until 12 weeks
71
Heteroectopic
Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy
72
Interstitial pregnancy
Pregnancy occurring in the fallopian tube near the cornu of the uterus most dangerous if ruptures mother can bleed out
73
Cervical pregnancy
reported incidence of 1 in 16,000 pregnancies. distinction between this and spontaneous loss, established concentric shape with dicidual reaction. Color doppler flow around the trophoblast Increased risk of complete hysterectomy because of uncontrollable bleeding caused by increased vascularity of the cervix
74
Ovarian pregnancy
Very rare, accounting for less than 3% of all ectopic pregnancies. May be difficult to distinguish from hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
75
Adenexal pregnancy
pregnancy in the abdominal cavity other than uterus, fallopian tube or ovary if ruptures mother can bleed out no viable as no way to sustain or deliver
76
What is the courpus luteum secerate
progesterone to help sustain the pregnancy regresses at 16-18 weeks \< 5 cm normally occasionally up to 10 cm
77
What a gestational sac should look like (normal)
round or oval shape positioned fundal or middle portoin of uterus, center position relative to the endometrium smooth contour echogenic wall yolk sac present when larger than 12mm embryo present when larger than 18mm growth 1mm/day
78
1800ml for hcG level
normal gestational sac consistently demonstrated
79
CRL crown rump length
obtained as early as 5.5 weeks using transvaginal probe visualizatoin of heart motion is marker signifying the beginning of CRL measurement considered the most accurate method of dating through 12 weeks gestation at that time fetal position starts to curl making it more difficult to measure
80
rise in hCG levels
normal itrauterine pregnancy less than 7 weeks double every 2 days
81
low hCG levels
relative to gestational sac size demonstrate an abnormal pregnancy hCg levels fall before spontaneous expulsoin of nonviable gestations
82
CRL is performed up until 12 weeks then how is fetus measured
biometric measurements biparietal diameter femur length
83
anembryonic pregnancy blighted ovum
gesatoinal sac in which the embryo faisl to develope or stops developing at such an early stage that it is imperceptible by ultrasound hcg levels and gestatoinal sac may continue as normal, but not at expected rate
84
pseudogestational sac
gestatoinal sac within the uterus along with an ectopic pregnancy do not coantain living embryo or yolk sac centrally located within endometrial canal homogeneous level echoes are commonly observed unlike normal sacs
85
Ectopic pregnancy symtoms/signs
vaginal bleeding empty uterus presence of adnexal mass postitive pregnancy test found in nearly 45% of cases
86
tubal ectopic pregnancy
about 95% of all cases diagnosed by invasoin of trophoblastic tissue wtihin the fallopian tube mucosa causes bleeding which may cause hematosalpinx, hemoperitoneum or both
87
When does the bladder become visualized
10-12 weeks gestation
88
hCG levels with trophoblastic disease hydatidiform mole
levels drastically elevated and are often greater than 100, 000 IU/ml accompanied by vaginal bleeding in early first/second trimester also may experience hyperemesis gravidarum or preeclampsia serum alpha-fetoprotein levels will be notably low
89
identification of a uterine fibroid in first trimester
leiomyomas are very common throught pregnancy identify location of fibroid in relation to placenta and cervix may increase in size due to estrogen stimulatoin could block cervix and birth canal rapidly growing fibroids may compress the gestatoinal sac causing spontaneous abortion
90
polygodramnios
too much amniotic fluid in the sac
91
gastroshisis
Congenital defective opening in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of umbilical cord; bowel and other organs may protrude outside the abdomen from this opening. Isnt' that serious the baby can live with this defect
92
omphalocele
Congenital effect of the abdominal wall with protrusion of abdominal content into the base of the umbilical cord; the cord appears to enter the mass

OB/GYN Section 2 (23 decks)

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