chapter 48 green boxes Flashcards

1
Q

sonographic findings

<60 bpm

A

embryonic bradycardia

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2
Q

sonographic findings

>170 bpm

A

embryonic tachycardia

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3
Q

sonographic findings

empty uterus

no adenexal mass

no free fluid in pelvis

positive hCg levels with rapid decline

A

complete abortion

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4
Q

sonographic findings

variable findings:

intact gestational sac with nonviable embryo to collapsed sac

thickend endometrium > 8 mm

retained embryonic parts

A

incomplete abortion

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5
Q

sonographic findings

large (>18 mm) empty gestatoinal sac with failure to develope

no yolk sac amnion or embryo

A

anembryonic pregnancy

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6
Q

sonographic findings

uterus larger than dates

“snowstorm” of multiple tiny clusters of grapelike echoes within the uterine cavity

Theca lutei cysts may be present

A

Molar pregnancy

hyperemesis

increased hCG levels

bleeding

preeclampsia

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7
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

absence of cardiac motion in embryos 5mm or larger

absence of cardiac motoin after 6.5 menstrual weeks

A

embryo

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8
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

large yolk sac or amnion without a viable embryo

calcified yolk sac

A

yolk sac and amnion

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9
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

> 18 mm lacking a viable embryo

> 8 mm lacking a visible yolk sac

A

large gestational sac

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10
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

irregular or misshapen

A

shape

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11
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

conrnual, low or hour glassing through cervical os

A

position

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12
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

irregular

absent double decidual sac finding

thin trophoblastic reactoin < 2mm

intratrophoblastic venous flow

A

trophoblastic reaction

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13
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

gestational sac growth of <0.6mm per day

absent embryonic growth

A

growth

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14
Q

abnormal uterine pregnancies

discrepance in sac size with hCG levels

A

hCG correlation

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15
Q

first trimester pelvic mass

>5 mm in size

internal septations and debris (secondary to hemorrhage)

increased vascularity surrounding corpus luteum

A

corpus luteum syst

differentials

dermoid

ovarian cancer

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16
Q

first trimester pelvic mass

increased hormone stimulatoin growth

may compress gestational sac

various sonographic patterns, hypoechoic, echogenic, isoechoic when compared with myometrium

increased size causes uterine endometrial deformity

A

uterine leiomyoma

differentials

uterine contractions

dermoid

17
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

normal early intrauterine pregnancy (3-4 weeks)

recent spontaneous abortion

A

empty uterus

18
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

yolk sac present

burrowed gestational sac eccentrically postitioned in uterus (usually in fundus)

no internal echoes seen within the gestatoinal sac

peritrophoblastic flow around sac

low resistive flow pattern

A

normal itrauterine pregnancy

IUP

19
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

intrauterine saclike structure

yolk sac not present

pseudosac seen in central locatoin in uterus

homogenoeous echoes within pseudosac

no peritrophoblastic flow

high resistive patter

A

ectopic pregnancy with pseudogestational sac

differentials

intrauterine debris

incomplete spontaneous abortion

intrauterine blood

20
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

pseudogestational sac

extrauterine sac in adenexa with thickened echogenic ring

gestational sac or yolk sac

A

ectopic pregnancy

differentials

incomplete spontaneous abortion

intrauterine blood or fluid in the cul-de-sac

21
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

simultaneous intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy

findings for both IUP and ectopic

A

heterotopic pregnancy

differentials

normal IUP and pelvic mass

22
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

found in segment of fallopian tube

rupture with hemorrhage

eccentric intrauterine gestational sac with incomplete myometrial mantel surrouding sac

A

interstitial pregnancy

differentials

ectopic pregnancy

pelvic mass

23
Q

normal vs ectopic pregnancy

pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy

A

nonviable intrauterine pregnancy

differentials

embryo, no cardiac motion/nonliving intrauterine pregnancy

embryo cardiac motoin/living intrauterine pregnancy

24
Q

cranial anomalies

abnormal mineralization of bony structures (lack of echogenicity)

abnormal shaped “mickey mouse” head

25
cranial anomalies absence of cranium superior to orbits with preservation of base of skull and face brain may project from open cranium
anencephaly
26
cranial anomalies midline cranial defect herniation of brain and meninges
cephalocele
27
cranial anomalies defect in occiput involving the foramen magnum extreme retroflexion of spine open spinal defect
iniencephaly
28
cranial anomalies dilation of ventricular system without enlargement of cranium compressed choroid plexus lncreased cerbrospinal fluid dangling choriod in dilated lateral ventricle
ventriculomegaly
29
cranial anomalies failure of prosencephalon to differentiate into cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventrilces between 4th and 8th weeks complete to partial failure of cleavage of prosencephalon facila dysmorphism remember brain appears to be single ventrilce until falx cerebri develope after 9 weeks
holoprosencephaly
30
cranial anomalies 6th -7th week of gestation cystic dilatoin of 4th ventricle dysgenesis or agenesis of cerebellar vermis and hydrocephaly elevated tentrium
Dadny-Walker malformation