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Surgical Tech 150 > Test 8 Sterilization And Disinfection > Flashcards

Test 8 Sterilization And Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of sterilization and disinfection?

A

Reduce/eliminate microorganisms
Prevent SSI
Protect patients and staff

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2
Q

What is decontamination?

A

Reduction of microbes by removal or destruction of contaminants

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3
Q

What does the term cleaning mean?

A

Physical removal of blood, fluids, and gross debris from inanimate objects

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4
Q

What is antisepsis?

A

Reduction of microorganisms on animate objects (humans)

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5
Q

What does it mean to disinfect?

A

Destroy most microorganisms on inanimate object
Ex. OR furniture, walls, floors, medical devices
Requires direct exposure to chemical agents
Not effective against spores or prions

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6
Q

What does sterilization mean?

A

Destroy microorganisms and spores
(Not always prions)
Renders items safe for contact to sterile body tissue and blood
Required for surgical instruments and supplies

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7
Q

What is the sterile processing dept?

A

CSP or SPD
Responsible for Decon, assembly, and sterilization of equipment
Not usually on same floor as OR
Semi-restricted area

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8
Q

Describe the clean area of SPD

A

Instrument assembled into sets to be sterilized

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9
Q

Describe the dirty area of SPD.

A

Surgical instruments are cleaned and decontaminated

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10
Q

Describe the SPD supply area.

A

Storage of sterilized instruments
Instrument tracking
Where cases are picked and packed onto case carts

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11
Q

What is the cycle of reprocessing instruments and equipment?

A

Point of use care
Sort and disassemble
Clean
Decontamination
Inspect
Assemble and wrap
Sterilize
Storage
Point of use

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12
Q

What methods are used to clean instruments

A

Manually
Ultrasonically
Mechanically
May go through more then one method

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13
Q

What does manual cleaning of instruments in the OR area consist of?

A

Responsibility of surgical tech
Wipe off blood and debris
Use sterile water
NEVER saline
Disassemble items and stack back into sets
Spry with PreKlenz before cart leaves room

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14
Q

What does manual cleaning of instruments in SPD consist of?

A

Do not soak drills, saws, etc.
Removal of gross debris
Scrub hard to clean areas- serrations, box locks, and lumens

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15
Q

What does ultrasonic cleaning consist of?

A

Removes debris by cavitation (high frequency sound waves) micro bubbles
Instruments cleaned before using
Only same metals washed in each cycle- do not mix
Thorough rinsing after

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16
Q

What does mechanical cleaning entail?

A

Washer/dryer/sterilizer
All instruments go through, except cords and scopes, special equipment
Water water and steam
Terminal decontamination

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17
Q

What are some special cleaning considerations in decon?

A

Box lock hardest to clean
Don’t submerge drills and saws
Lumens need special attention
Endoscopes processed within 1 hour

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18
Q

What are the 3 levels of disinfection?

A

High
Intermediate
Low level

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19
Q

What is high level disinfection?

A

Kills ALL microorganisms except spores and prions

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20
Q

What is intermediate level disinfection?

A

Kills most microorganisms
Bacteria, most viruses, and fungi, but not spores or prions

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21
Q

What is low level disinfection?

A

Kills some microorganisms
Most bacteria, some viruses and fungi
But not tb, spores, or prions

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22
Q

What are the 3 levels of Spaulding classifications?

A

Determines level of processing required based on intended use
Critical
Semi-critical
Non-critical

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23
Q

Describe Spaulding classification- critical

A

Invasive procedures
High potential to cause SSI
Surgical instruments
Enter vascular (needle, catheter)
Enter urinary
Implantable items ( wires, screws, joint replacements, mesh, sutures)
Requires sterilization

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24
Q

Describe Spaulding classification- semi-critical

A

Items that contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin
Laryngoscopes/ GI endoscopes
Anesthesia equipment
Respiratory equipment
Endoscopes
Requires high level disinfection

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25
Describe Spaulding classification- non-critical
Equipment and items that contact patients intact skin Blood pressure cuffs Pulse oximeter OR transport stretchers OR furniture Requires intermediate or low level disinfection
26
Ideal characteristics of disinfectant solutions are…
Effective against broad spectrum of microorganisms Rapid acting Odorless and nontoxic as possible Non corrosive Prolonged shelf life- use test strips
27
Factors that influence disinfectant solutions are…
What item is to be disinfected Presence of bioburden Exposure time Temperature
28
What are the two high level disinfectant solutions??
2% glutaraldehyde (cidex) Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
29
Important things to know about 2% glutaraldehyde (cidex)
Effective against bacteria, TB, and viruses Used on endoscopes/ heat sensitive 14-28 day shelf life Minimum exposure time 20 minutes If used as sterilant then 10 hours exposure Skin, eye, respiratory irritant
30
Important things to know about sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Bactericidal, virucidal, tuberculocidal Fast acting Clean floors and countertops Used for blood spills
31
What are the 2 intermediate level disinfectants?
Phenol (carbolic acid) Isopropyl or ethyl alcohol
32
Things to know about phenol
Carbolic acid Intermediate level disinfectant General cleaning agent Used on floors and countertops
33
Things to know about isopropyl or ethyl alcohol…
Intermediate level disinfectant 60-70% concentration Highly flammable
34
Things to know about isopropyl or ethyl alcohol…
Intermediate level disinfectant 60-70% concentration Highly flammable
35
What is a low-level disinfectant?
Quaternary ammonium “quats” Not effective against viruses or TB Easily neutralized
36
What are the ways to disinfect the OR rooms?
Uv radiation Sami-cloth wipes
37
What are the three sterilization options?
Thermal Chemical Radiation
38
What is used to lubricate instruments?
“Instrument milk” or surgical milk
39
What is used to lubricate instruments?
“Instrument milk” or surgical milk
40
What are woven textile material for wrapping?
Muslin Cotton material Reusable Eventually discarded Not used often anymore
41
What are woven textile material for wrapping?
Muslin Cotton material Reusable Eventually discarded Not used often anymore
42
What is a non-woven material for wrapping items?
Kimguard Single use 2 layers
43
What are the 2 wrapping techniques?
Envelope Square fold
44
What are the two types of peel pack materials?
Paper and plastic- steam Tyvek and plastic- sterrad
45
What are the 2 thermal sterilization methods?
Steam Dry heat
46
What does steam sterilization destroy?
Coagulation of nucleic acids, protein, and cell wall
47
What are factors affecting steam sterilization?
Time Temperature Pressure Moisture/humidity Contact
48
What are the three types of autoclaves?
Gravity displacement Dynamic air removal/prevac Immediate use steam sterilizer (IUSS)/ flash sterilization
49
What are components of a steam sterilizer?
Outer jacket Inner chamber Control panel
50
What is the gravity displacement cycle?
Conditioning- steam into inner chamber Exposure- pressure and temp met Exhaust- steam removed Drying- moisture evaporated
51
What are the parameters for a gravity displacement sterilizer?
250F (121C) for 30 min or 279F (132C) for 15 min 15-17 psi 15-30 minute dry time Must be tested with biological I dicators
52
What are the cycles of dynamic air removal (prevac)
Air removal Conditioning Second air removal *vacuum pump* Exposure Exhaust Drying
53
What are the parameters for dynamic air removal sterilizer?
270F (132C) for 4 min 27-30 psi 20-30 minutes drying Use biological to test sterilization
54
What is some info about immediate use steam sterilization (IUSS)
Flash sterilization Gravity or prevac system Time of essence Implants never done Infection risk when used
55
What are IUSS parameters
Nonporous/ no lumens 3 minutes 270F Porous / with lumens 4 minutes at 270F (prevac) or 10 minutes at 270F (gravity)
56
What is dry heat sterilization?
No steam or moisture High temp retired Anhydrous oils Petroleum products Bulk powders (medications)
57
What is dry heat sterilization?
No steam or moisture High temp retired Anhydrous oils Petroleum products Bulk powders (medications)
58
What are ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilizers?
Destroys microbes through alkylation Carcinogenic Sterilization: 16 hours/ 85F to 145F/ 30-80% humidity Must be dry Aeration cycle: 8 hrs at 140F or 12 hrs at 120F
59
What is sterrad sterilization?
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma Used on heat/moisture sensitive 28-38 minute cycles No paper!
60
What is steris sterilization?
Peracetic acid New every load Used for heat sensitive Sterility cannot be maintained Semi-critical
61
3 important things to know about 2% glutaraldehyde?
High level disinfectant Sterilization- 10 hours Disinfectant- 20 minute
62
What is ionizing radiation?
Cobalt-60 gamma Commercial production or single-use supplies
63
What bacterial species is in a steam and steris biological indicator?
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
64
What bacterial species is in ethylene oxide (ETO) and sterrad sterilization?
Bacillus atrophaeus
65
Aeration
The act of airing out
66
Animate
Living
67
Inanimate
Non-living
68
Antiseptic
An agent that destroys microorganisms on animate surfaces
69
Asepsis
Absence of pathogenic microorganisms of disease
70
Autoclave
Machine used to sterilize items
71
Bactericidal
An agent that kills bacteria
72
Bacteriostatic
An agent that inhibits or prevents bacterial growth
73
Bioburden
Contaminating microbes on an object such as blood, body fluids, and gross debris
74
Bowie-dick test
Test that identifies air leaks and ineffective air removal in the steam sterilization process
75
Contamination
Rendering nonsterile and unacceptable for use in critical areas of the body
76
Cross-contamination
The contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source
77
Cross-contamination
The contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source
78
Decontamination
A process in which recently used and soiled medical devices are made safe for personnel to handle, removal/destruction of gross contaminants and other potentially Infectious materials
79
Denaturation
To change the vital functions, forces, and activities of an organism
80
Disinfectant
Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores or prions. Usually used on inanimate objects due to potential for toxicity in living tissue
81
Disinfection
Chemical process by which most, but not all, microorganisms on a surface are destroyed
82
Efficacy
The ability to produce a desired or intended result
83
Exposure time
The amount of time an item is held in a condition Aka hold time
84
Event-related sterility
Item becomes contaminated by conditions or events
85
Fomite
Inanimate object that harbors microorganisms, including dust and environmental surfaces
86
Germicide
A chemical agent that kills germs
87
High-level disinfection (HLD)
Process that reduces the bioburden to a minimum
88
Immediate-use steam sterilization (IUSS)
Rapid sterilization of items to be used immediately, previously called flash sterilization
89
Implant
FDA defines as a device that is placed into a surgically or naturally formed cavity of the human body. 30 days or more
90
Lumen
Space within a tube
91
Shelf-life
Length of time that a wrapped package remains sterile while in storage
92
Sporicidal
An agent capable of killing spore- forming organisms
93
Sterile
Having been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores
94
Sterilization
A process that kills all forms of living matter including spore-forming organisms
95
Sterilizer
Equipment or chamber used to attain physical or chemical sterilization
96
Terminal cleaning
A daily process in which surfaces of the operating room are cleaned and disinfected
97
Terminal decontamination
The process in which instruments and supplies are processed and made safe for staff to handle in succeeding stages of reprocessing

Surgical Tech 150 (15 decks)

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