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Surgical Tech 150 > Test 8 Sterilization And Disinfection > Flashcards

Test 8 Sterilization And Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of sterilization and disinfection?

A

Reduce/eliminate microorganisms
Prevent SSI
Protect patients and staff

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2
Q

What is decontamination?

A

Reduction of microbes by removal or destruction of contaminants

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3
Q

What does the term cleaning mean?

A

Physical removal of blood, fluids, and gross debris from inanimate objects

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4
Q

What is antisepsis?

A

Reduction of microorganisms on animate objects (humans)

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5
Q

What does it mean to disinfect?

A

Destroy most microorganisms on inanimate object
Ex. OR furniture, walls, floors, medical devices
Requires direct exposure to chemical agents
Not effective against spores or prions

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6
Q

What does sterilization mean?

A

Destroy microorganisms and spores
(Not always prions)
Renders items safe for contact to sterile body tissue and blood
Required for surgical instruments and supplies

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7
Q

What is the sterile processing dept?

A

CSP or SPD
Responsible for Decon, assembly, and sterilization of equipment
Not usually on same floor as OR
Semi-restricted area

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8
Q

Describe the clean area of SPD

A

Instrument assembled into sets to be sterilized

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9
Q

Describe the dirty area of SPD.

A

Surgical instruments are cleaned and decontaminated

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10
Q

Describe the SPD supply area.

A

Storage of sterilized instruments
Instrument tracking
Where cases are picked and packed onto case carts

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11
Q

What is the cycle of reprocessing instruments and equipment?

A

Point of use care
Sort and disassemble
Clean
Decontamination
Inspect
Assemble and wrap
Sterilize
Storage
Point of use

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12
Q

What methods are used to clean instruments

A

Manually
Ultrasonically
Mechanically
May go through more then one method

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13
Q

What does manual cleaning of instruments in the OR area consist of?

A

Responsibility of surgical tech
Wipe off blood and debris
Use sterile water
NEVER saline
Disassemble items and stack back into sets
Spry with PreKlenz before cart leaves room

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14
Q

What does manual cleaning of instruments in SPD consist of?

A

Do not soak drills, saws, etc.
Removal of gross debris
Scrub hard to clean areas- serrations, box locks, and lumens

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15
Q

What does ultrasonic cleaning consist of?

A

Removes debris by cavitation (high frequency sound waves) micro bubbles
Instruments cleaned before using
Only same metals washed in each cycle- do not mix
Thorough rinsing after

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16
Q

What does mechanical cleaning entail?

A

Washer/dryer/sterilizer
All instruments go through, except cords and scopes, special equipment
Water water and steam
Terminal decontamination

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17
Q

What are some special cleaning considerations in decon?

A

Box lock hardest to clean
Don’t submerge drills and saws
Lumens need special attention
Endoscopes processed within 1 hour

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18
Q

What are the 3 levels of disinfection?

A

High
Intermediate
Low level

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19
Q

What is high level disinfection?

A

Kills ALL microorganisms except spores and prions

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20
Q

What is intermediate level disinfection?

A

Kills most microorganisms
Bacteria, most viruses, and fungi, but not spores or prions

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21
Q

What is low level disinfection?

A

Kills some microorganisms
Most bacteria, some viruses and fungi
But not tb, spores, or prions

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22
Q

What are the 3 levels of Spaulding classifications?

A

Determines level of processing required based on intended use
Critical
Semi-critical
Non-critical

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23
Q

Describe Spaulding classification- critical

A

Invasive procedures
High potential to cause SSI
Surgical instruments
Enter vascular (needle, catheter)
Enter urinary
Implantable items ( wires, screws, joint replacements, mesh, sutures)
Requires sterilization

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24
Q

Describe Spaulding classification- semi-critical

A

Items that contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin
Laryngoscopes/ GI endoscopes
Anesthesia equipment
Respiratory equipment
Endoscopes
Requires high level disinfection

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25
Q

Describe Spaulding classification-
non-critical

A

Equipment and items that contact patients intact skin
Blood pressure cuffs
Pulse oximeter
OR transport stretchers
OR furniture
Requires intermediate or low level disinfection

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26
Q

Ideal characteristics of disinfectant solutions are…

A

Effective against broad spectrum of microorganisms
Rapid acting
Odorless and nontoxic as possible
Non corrosive
Prolonged shelf life- use test strips

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27
Q

Factors that influence disinfectant solutions are…

A

What item is to be disinfected
Presence of bioburden
Exposure time
Temperature

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28
Q

What are the two high level disinfectant solutions??

A

2% glutaraldehyde (cidex)
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

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29
Q

Important things to know about 2% glutaraldehyde (cidex)

A

Effective against bacteria, TB, and viruses
Used on endoscopes/ heat sensitive
14-28 day shelf life
Minimum exposure time 20 minutes
If used as sterilant then 10 hours exposure
Skin, eye, respiratory irritant

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30
Q

Important things to know about sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

A

Bactericidal, virucidal, tuberculocidal
Fast acting
Clean floors and countertops
Used for blood spills

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31
Q

What are the 2 intermediate level disinfectants?

A

Phenol (carbolic acid)
Isopropyl or ethyl alcohol

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32
Q

Things to know about phenol

A

Carbolic acid
Intermediate level disinfectant
General cleaning agent
Used on floors and countertops

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33
Q

Things to know about isopropyl or ethyl alcohol…

A

Intermediate level disinfectant
60-70% concentration
Highly flammable

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34
Q

Things to know about isopropyl or ethyl alcohol…

A

Intermediate level disinfectant
60-70% concentration
Highly flammable

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35
Q

What is a low-level disinfectant?

A

Quaternary ammonium “quats”
Not effective against viruses or TB
Easily neutralized

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36
Q

What are the ways to disinfect the OR rooms?

A

Uv radiation
Sami-cloth wipes

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37
Q

What are the three sterilization options?

A

Thermal
Chemical
Radiation

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38
Q

What is used to lubricate instruments?

A

“Instrument milk” or surgical milk

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39
Q

What is used to lubricate instruments?

A

“Instrument milk” or surgical milk

40
Q

What are woven textile material for wrapping?

A

Muslin
Cotton material
Reusable
Eventually discarded
Not used often anymore

41
Q

What are woven textile material for wrapping?

A

Muslin
Cotton material
Reusable
Eventually discarded
Not used often anymore

42
Q

What is a non-woven material for wrapping items?

A

Kimguard
Single use
2 layers

43
Q

What are the 2 wrapping techniques?

A

Envelope
Square fold

44
Q

What are the two types of peel pack materials?

A

Paper and plastic- steam
Tyvek and plastic- sterrad

45
Q

What are the 2 thermal sterilization methods?

A

Steam
Dry heat

46
Q

What does steam sterilization destroy?

A

Coagulation of nucleic acids, protein, and cell wall

47
Q

What are factors affecting steam sterilization?

A

Time
Temperature
Pressure
Moisture/humidity
Contact

48
Q

What are the three types of autoclaves?

A

Gravity displacement
Dynamic air removal/prevac
Immediate use steam sterilizer (IUSS)/ flash sterilization

49
Q

What are components of a steam sterilizer?

A

Outer jacket
Inner chamber
Control panel

50
Q

What is the gravity displacement cycle?

A

Conditioning- steam into inner chamber
Exposure- pressure and temp met
Exhaust- steam removed
Drying- moisture evaporated

51
Q

What are the parameters for a gravity displacement sterilizer?

A

250F (121C) for 30 min or
279F (132C) for 15 min
15-17 psi
15-30 minute dry time
Must be tested with biological I dicators

52
Q

What are the cycles of dynamic air removal (prevac)

A

Air removal
Conditioning
Second air removal vacuum pump
Exposure
Exhaust
Drying

53
Q

What are the parameters for dynamic air removal sterilizer?

A

270F (132C) for 4 min
27-30 psi
20-30 minutes drying
Use biological to test sterilization

54
Q

What is some info about immediate use steam sterilization (IUSS)

A

Flash sterilization
Gravity or prevac system
Time of essence
Implants never done
Infection risk when used

55
Q

What are IUSS parameters

A

Nonporous/ no lumens
3 minutes 270F

Porous / with lumens
4 minutes at 270F (prevac) or
10 minutes at 270F (gravity)

56
Q

What is dry heat sterilization?

A

No steam or moisture
High temp retired

Anhydrous oils
Petroleum products
Bulk powders (medications)

57
Q

What is dry heat sterilization?

A

No steam or moisture
High temp retired

Anhydrous oils
Petroleum products
Bulk powders (medications)

58
Q

What are ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilizers?

A

Destroys microbes through alkylation
Carcinogenic
Sterilization:
16 hours/ 85F to 145F/ 30-80% humidity
Must be dry
Aeration cycle:
8 hrs at 140F or 12 hrs at 120F

59
Q

What is sterrad sterilization?

A

Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Used on heat/moisture sensitive
28-38 minute cycles
No paper!

60
Q

What is steris sterilization?

A

Peracetic acid
New every load
Used for heat sensitive
Sterility cannot be maintained
Semi-critical

61
Q

3 important things to know about 2% glutaraldehyde?

A

High level disinfectant
Sterilization- 10 hours
Disinfectant- 20 minute

62
Q

What is ionizing radiation?

A

Cobalt-60 gamma
Commercial production or single-use supplies

63
Q

What bacterial species is in a steam and steris biological indicator?

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

64
Q

What bacterial species is in ethylene oxide (ETO) and sterrad sterilization?

A

Bacillus atrophaeus

65
Q

Aeration

A

The act of airing out

66
Q

Animate

A

Living

67
Q

Inanimate

A

Non-living

68
Q

Antiseptic

A

An agent that destroys microorganisms on animate surfaces

69
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms of disease

70
Q

Autoclave

A

Machine used to sterilize items

71
Q

Bactericidal

A

An agent that kills bacteria

72
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

An agent that inhibits or prevents bacterial growth

73
Q

Bioburden

A

Contaminating microbes on an object such as blood, body fluids, and gross debris

74
Q

Bowie-dick test

A

Test that identifies air leaks and ineffective air removal in the steam sterilization process

75
Q

Contamination

A

Rendering nonsterile and unacceptable for use in critical areas of the body

76
Q

Cross-contamination

A

The contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source

77
Q

Cross-contamination

A

The contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source

78
Q

Decontamination

A

A process in which recently used and soiled medical devices are made safe for personnel to handle, removal/destruction of gross contaminants and other potentially Infectious materials

79
Q

Denaturation

A

To change the vital functions, forces, and activities of an organism

80
Q

Disinfectant

A

Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores or prions.
Usually used on inanimate objects due to potential for toxicity in living tissue

81
Q

Disinfection

A

Chemical process by which most, but not all, microorganisms on a surface are destroyed

82
Q

Efficacy

A

The ability to produce a desired or intended result

83
Q

Exposure time

A

The amount of time an item is held in a condition
Aka hold time

84
Q

Event-related sterility

A

Item becomes contaminated by conditions or events

85
Q

Fomite

A

Inanimate object that harbors microorganisms, including dust and environmental surfaces

86
Q

Germicide

A

A chemical agent that kills germs

87
Q

High-level disinfection (HLD)

A

Process that reduces the bioburden to a minimum

88
Q

Immediate-use steam sterilization (IUSS)

A

Rapid sterilization of items to be used immediately, previously called flash sterilization

89
Q

Implant

A

FDA defines as a device that is placed into a surgically or naturally formed cavity of the human body.
30 days or more

90
Q

Lumen

A

Space within a tube

91
Q

Shelf-life

A

Length of time that a wrapped package remains sterile while in storage

92
Q

Sporicidal

A

An agent capable of killing spore- forming organisms

93
Q

Sterile

A

Having been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores

94
Q

Sterilization

A

A process that kills all forms of living matter including spore-forming organisms

95
Q

Sterilizer

A

Equipment or chamber used to attain physical or chemical sterilization

96
Q

Terminal cleaning

A

A daily process in which surfaces of the operating room are cleaned and disinfected

97
Q

Terminal decontamination

A

The process in which instruments and supplies are processed and made safe for staff to handle in succeeding stages of reprocessing

Surgical Tech 150 (15 decks)

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