Test 4 Pharmacology Flashcards
What is controlled substance class 1?
high abuse potential
- no medical approval
Ex heroin, LSD
What is controlled substance class 2?
-High abuse potential
-Ability to produce physical and psychological dependence
-medical approval needed
Ex Oxy, codeine, morphine
What is controlled substance class 3?
-Less potential for abuse
- medical approval needed
-Ex hydrocodone, codeine
What is controlled substance class 4?
Low potential for abuse
Medical approval needed
Ex benzos (Valium and Ativan)
What is controlled substance class 5?
Narcotics to treat couching and diarrhea
No prescription needed
OTC
Ex couch syrup with codeine
What is a nonprescription drug?
Drug with safe dose
No prescription needed
Ex ibuprofen 200mg
What is a prescription drug?
Need a prescription
Can cause harm if used wrong
Ex ibuprofen 800mg
PLLR (pregnancy and lactation labeling rule) category A
Well documented
No risk to fetus
Ex folic acid, magnesium sulfate
PLLR class B
No fetal risk to animal trials
Ex cyclobenzaprine, amoxicillin
PLLR class C
Evidence of fetal risk in animals
Benefits outweigh risks
Ex Tramadol, gabapentin, prednisone
PLLR class D
Risk in humans trials
Benefit may outweigh risk
Ex lisinopril, alprazolam, losartan, lorazepam
PLLR class X
Fetal abnormalities
Risks outweigh benefits
Ex atorvastatin, warfarin
PLLR class N
Drug not classified by FDA
What sources do drugs come from?
Animals
Biotechnology
Laboratory synthesis
Minerals
Plants
What are examples of drugs in gas form?
Inhalants
Nasal spray
Anesthesia gases
What are emulsion liquids?
2 liquids cannot mix
Ex propofol
What are solution liquids?
A Drug (solute) dissolved in water(solvent)
What are aqueous drugs?
Solution prepped with water (new or salt water)
What are syrup liquid drugs?
Sweetened aqueous solution
Ex cough syrup
What are tincture liquid drugs?
Solution prepared with alcohol
Ex benzoin
What is an elixir liquid drug?
Sweetened alcohol solution
Ex mucinex
What is a suspension liquid drug?
Solid particles within a liquid
Needs to be shaken
Ex milk of magnesia
What are semisolid drugs?
Creams, foams, gels, lotions, ointments, suppositories
What are solid drug forms?
Powder like capsule or tablets
Additive
Alters the aspects of the action of the original agent
Ex adding epinephrine to lidocaine
Drug agonist
Binds to the receptor site, causes a response
Drug antagonist
Binds to receptor site to prevent other meds from binding
Can reverse effects
Ex narcan to opioids
Drug synergist
Drugs act together to produce stronger affect then if each were alone (lower dosage given of each when together)
Therapeutic drug actions
Concentration/ dose used to produce desired result without producing harmful effects
What are indications
List of medical conditions that the medication is known to treat
What are contraindications
List of circumstances/ conditions medications should not be used
Ex pregnancy, liver failure, renal failure
What are adverse drug effects
Undesired and potentially harmful effect that can lead to organ damage or failure
Ex allergic reaction or rash
(Harmful)
What are side effects
Expected, undesired, but tolerable
Ex dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness
(Not harmful)
Enteral
Through GI tract
By mouth or rectal
Parental
Injected not by mouth
Intra-articular
By artery
Intracardiac
By heart (right atrium)
Intradermal
By skin
Intramuscular (IM)
By muscle
Intrathecal
By spine
Intravenous (IV)
By vein
Retrobulbar
Behind the eye
Sub cuticular (SC or SQ)
Deeper in the skin
Topical route
Applied to skin or mucous membrane
Buccal route
By mouth
Inhalation route
By lungs
Intraocular route
By eye
Instillation route
Eye, ear, nose
Sublingual route
Under the tongue
What are the 6 rights?
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right patient
Right time
Right documentation
Normal body temperature
98.6 F = 37C
Dosage formula
(Desired amount over have amount) times available
Ex (50mg/100mg)x 1ml= 0.5ml
Analgesic
Symptom- pain
Effects- pain relief
Opioids/narcotic
Symptoms- moderate to severe pain
Effects
-tx postoperative pain
-respiratory depression
Narcotic antagonist
Narcan
Symptoms- respiratory depression
Effects- reverses effects of narcotics
Analgesic antipyretic
Symptoms
- pain and fever
Effects
- pain relief, fever reduction
Anticoagulants
Symptoms
-Having vascular surgery
-Prone to DVT
Effects
-increase blood coagulation time
- prevent clot formation
Fibrinolytics
Symptoms
- has a blood clot
Effects
-breaks up blood clot
Anticonvulsant
Symptoms
- seizures
Effects
- tx of tonic/clonic seizures
Antiemetic
Symptoms
- having surgery
- experiencing nausea/vomiting
Effects
- prevent post op nausea
- prevent aspiration
Antihistamine
Symptoms
- allergic reaction
Effects
- counteracts hypersensitivity reaction
Anti-infective
Symptoms
- having surgery
- prophylactic therapy
Effects
- prophylactic measure
- treat infection
- treat sepsis
Adrenerics
Symptoms
- local surgery
- tx malignant hypotension
Effects
- added to prolong effect
- causes vasoconstriction
Cholinergics
Symptoms
- myasthenia gravis
- autoimmune disorder
- prevent bradycardia
- receiving muscle relaxers
Effects
- reverse effects of muscle relaxants
Anti-cholinergics
Symptoms
- experiencing bradycardia
- experiencing bronchospasm
- experiencing motion sickness
- having surgery
Effects
- bronchodilator, decreases bronchial secretions, decreases GI secretion
Cardiac anti arrhythmia
Symptoms
- abnormal rhythm
Effects
- tx ventricular tachycardia
- tx ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac coronary dilator
Symptoms
- experiencing myocardial ischemia, angina pectoral, hypertension, heart failure
- cardiac bypass
Effects
- dilates coronary arteries
Cardiac inotropic
Symptoms
- experiencing atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart failure
Effects
- increase strength and speed of myocardial contraction
Analeptic
CNS
Symptoms
- having surgery
- respiratory depression
Effects
- cns stimulation
- increase reflex excitability
- stimulate respiratory and vasomotor receptors
Neuroleptic
CNS
Symptoms
- experiencing psychiatric disorders
Effects
- tx and manage symptoms of psychiatric disorders
Coagulants, hemolytic, and sealants
Symptoms
- bleeding
Effects
- stops bleeding
Contrast medium
Symptoms
- outline internal structures
Effects
- structure is outlined
* remove bubbles from solution*
Diuretic
Symptoms
- increased intercranial pressure
- increased introcular pressure
Effects
- removes fluids
- increase urine output
Dyes
Symptoms
- hard to find structures
- need to mark surgical site
Effects
- tissue absorbs the dye
Gastric H2- receptor blockers
Symptoms
- having surgery
Effects
- alters ph of gastric secretions
- reduce gastric volume
- promotes pyloric emptying
Gastric proton-pump inhibitor
Symptoms
- acidic stomach
Effects
- reduces stomach acid
Corticosteroids
Inhibit inflammatory process
Decrease edema
Maintain adrenal hormone levels
Tx shock
Insulin
Management of blood glucose
Glucagon
Tx hypoglycemia
Dilates sphincter of Oddi for ERCP
Prostaglandin
Lipid with hormone like actions when tissue damage
Estrogen cream
Tx of inflamed vagina
Irrigation solutions
Symptoms
- contaminated surface
Effects
- irrigation of contaminated
Iv fluids
Symptoms
- hypovolemia
Effects
- tx hypovolemia
Sedative hypnotic
Symptoms
- preop anxiety
Effects
- tx preop anxiety
- intraoperative sedation
Staining
Symptoms
- has dysplasia
Effects
- healthy tissue picks up stain
Tranquilizer
Symptoms
- preop anxiety
Effects
- decrease anxiety
- provides sedation and amnesia
