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Surgical Tech 150 > Test 7 Hemostasis and Wound healing > Flashcards

Test 7 Hemostasis and Wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are adhesions?

A

scar formation of the abdominal viscera

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2
Q

What is collagen?

A

main structural protein

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3
Q

What is a contracture?

A

scar tissue that lacks flexibility; causes constriction and pain

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4
Q

What is a cicatrix?

A

a scar

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5
Q

What is dead space?

A

separation of wound layers that have not been closely approximated or air that has become trapped between the layers

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6
Q

What is debridement?

A

the removal of devitalized tissue, debris, and foreign objects from a wound

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7
Q

What is dehiscence?

A

a separation of the edges of a surgical wound during healing

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8
Q

What is edema?

A

a large fluid volume in tissues between the body’s cells

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9
Q

What is an evisceration?

A

the protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the wound or surgical incision

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10
Q

What is extravasation?

A

movement of cells out of a blood vessel into tissue during inflammation

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11
Q

What is exudate?

A

fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris that has escaped from the blood vessels and has deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually a result of inflammation

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12
Q

What is friable?

A

easily torn

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13
Q

What is gangrene?

A

decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by lack of blood supply. resulting from infection or inflammation

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14
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

new connective tissue that forms on the surface of a wound when it is healing “proud flesh”

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15
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

mass of inflammed granulation tissue, usually associated with ulcerated infections

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16
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

a blood-filled space in tissue, the result of a bleeding vessel (blood clot)

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17
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

stopping the loss of blood

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18
Q

What is ischemia?

A

loss of blood supply to a body partWh

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19
Q

What is a keloid?

A

a hypertrophic scar, the scar may be bulbous and usually does not reduce over time

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20
Q

What is necrosis?

A

tissue death

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21
Q

What is a seroma?

A

mass or swelling caused by the localized accumulation of serum within tissue

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22
Q

What is serosanguinous?

A

exudate or discharge containing serum and blood

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23
Q

What is trauma?

A

physical injury

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24
Q

What is wound disruption?

A

separation of layers

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25
Q

What is the difference between incisional and excisional intentional wounds?

A

incisional- intentional cut to expose tissue
excisional- intentional cut to remove tissue or foreign material

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26
Q

What is occlusion banding?

A

Intentional wound
results from ischemia
used in hemorrhoid ligation
(skin tags)

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27
Q

What is a chemical wound?

A

Intentional wound
most uncommon
chemical placed on wound to denude/coagulate area
causes inflammation
used in plastic surgery

28
Q

What are two classifications of unintentional wounds?

A

severity
mechanism of injury

29
Q

What are traumatic wounds?

A

unintentional wound
sudden onset and severity
blunt
penetrating
burn

30
Q

What is a closed wound?

A

unintentional
intact skin with underlying tissue damage

31
Q

What is an open wound?

A

unintentional
integrity of skin destroyed

32
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

mechanical irritation, scrape
(road rash)

33
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

portion of skin and soft tissue partially or entirely torn away

34
Q

What is a contusion?

A

bruise under the skin
skin intact but tissue below are damaged
usually black and blue

35
Q

What is a crushed wound?

A

squeezed/ forced by pressure to alter or destroy tissue

36
Q

What is an incised wound?

A

wound with smooth edges made by cutting device
may be contaminated or clean
-ex from a scalpel

37
Q

What is a laceration?

A

torn wound with irregular edges

38
Q

What is a puncture wound?

A

wound made with sharp pointed instrument

39
Q

What is a perforation wound?

A

wound where an object enters and exits the body

40
Q

What is a incidental wound?

A

iatrogenic wound
caused in surgery

41
Q

What is a chronic wound?

A

persist for an extended time
can be due to infection
underlying physical condition: pressure sores or decubitus ulcers

42
Q

What are the 4 classifications of wounds?

A

Clean
clean contaminated
contaminated
dirty/infected

43
Q

Describe class 1 wound.

A

-clean wound
primary closure
no inflammation
no breaks
aerodigestive (does not enter respiratory, digestive, and GU tract)

44
Q

Describe class 2 wound

A

-clean contaminated
open/ mechanical drainage
minor break in aseptic
no spillage from tracts

45
Q

Describe class 3 wounds.

A

-contaminated
acute inflammation
major break in aseptic
less than 4 hours old
with spillage from tract

46
Q

Describe class 4 wounds.

A

-dirty/ infected
perforated organs
microbial contamination present
more than 4 hours old
pus, may be present

47
Q

What is first intention healing?

A

incision closed at surgery
approximated wound edges
no discharge/ infection
minimal scar formation
-heat/redness- increased blood flow
-swelling=edema large volume of fluid in area
-pain pressure on nerves

48
Q

What are the three phases of first intention healing?

A

inflammatory response
proliferation
differentiation/maturation

49
Q

Describe the inflammatory response phase.

A

Phase 1
lasts 3-5 days
exudate occurs
scab formation
leukocytes remove debris
fibroblasts reconstruct
no tensile strength

50
Q

Describe the proliferation phase.

A

phase 2
day 3 to 20
fibroblasts multiply rapidly
25-30% tensile strength
new networks formed

51
Q

Describe the differentiation/ maturation phase.

A

phase 3
post op day 14 to healed
good tensile strength
normal scar forms

52
Q

What is second intention Healing?

A

called granulation
wound not closed
allows for healing from inside to outside
closes wound by contraction
longer healing time
risk of secondary infection

53
Q

What is third intention healing?

A

wound left to heal but later closed by suture
infection at time of surgery
deeper/ wider scar
intermediate tensile strength

54
Q

What is vacuum assisted closure device?

A

(VAC)
promotes healing by continuous suction/ pressure
used post op
2nd and 3rd intention healing
large traumatic wounds

55
Q

Some Physical conditions of patients that affect wound healing are

A

Age
nutritional status
fluid balance
comorbidities
radiation exposure
immunocompromised
drug therapy
smoking
post op complications
physical activity

56
Q

Intraoperative tissue handling of wound healing are

A

halstead principle
length of incision
direction of incision
duration of surgery
amount of tissue
elimination of dead space
tissue approximation
achievement of hemostasis

57
Q

Aseptic and sterile technique od wound healing are

A

prevention of wound infections
reduce contamination
antibiotic therapy
wound irrigation
bowel technique
dressings

58
Q

What are congenital hemostatic defects that affect hemostasis?

A

bleeding disorder
ex hemophilia (clotting factor)

59
Q

What are acquired bleeding disorders that affect hemostasis?

A

caused by an outside source
examples: liver disease, anticoagulant therapy, and aplastic anemia

60
Q

What are the 5 steps of clotting?

A

hemorrhage
platelet activation
clotting cascade
platelet stabilization
fibrinolysis

61
Q

What device monitors blood loss?

A

Neptune
anesthesia monitors
surgeon documents
ABL= average blood loss

62
Q

What are some of the mechanical methods of hemostasis

A

instruments
ligature
clips
sponges
pedgets
bone wax
pressure
tourniquet

63
Q

What are some of the thermal methods of hemostasis?

A

ESU
lasers
argon plasma coagulation
ultrasonic scalpel
tissue sealing devices

64
Q

What is the coagulant method of hemostasis?

A

promotes blood coagulation
administered systemically or applied topically

65
Q

What are the systemic hemostatic agents?

A

Calcium gluconate
calcium chloride
calcium lactate
Vitamin K
protamine sulfate

66
Q

What is gelfoam?

A

(surgifoam)
absorbable
may be moistened with saline, thrombin, epi, solution
absorbed in 30 days

67
Q
A

Surgical Tech 150 (15 decks)

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