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Bancroft: AP1 > Test #8 - Class 14: Muscles 41-47; Class #15: Muscles 48-54 > Flashcards

Test #8 - Class 14: Muscles 41-47; Class #15: Muscles 48-54 Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles of the Pelvic Bowl?

A

2 muscles

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2
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the Pelvic Bowl:

A
  1. Iliacus; and 2. Psoas Major
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3
Q

Pelvic Bowl: Iliacus*

A

GL: Pelvic Bowl, Deep

O: Iliac crest and Iliac fossa of the Ilium

I: Lesser trochanter of the Femur via the tendon of Psoas Major

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4
Q

Pelvic Bowl: Psoas Major*

A

GL: Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity, Deep

O: Bodies, discs and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

I: Lesser trochanter of the Femur

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5
Q

What is important about the insertion of the Pelvic Bowl muscles?

A

They share a common tendon insertion and together commonly known as Iliopsoas.

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6
Q

How many muscle compartments of the leg?

A

3 compartments

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7
Q

What are the 3 muscle compartments of the leg?

A
  1. Anterior; 2. Lateral; and 3. Posterior
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8
Q

How many muscle layers in the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A

2 layers

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9
Q

What are the 2 muscle layers of the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Deep; and 2. Superficial
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10
Q

How many muscles in the Deep layer of the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A

1 muscle

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11
Q

What is the 1 deep layer muscle of the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Extensor Hallucis Longus
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12
Q

Deep layer of the Anterior Compartment of the leg: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

GL: ANTERIOR, LEG, DEEP

O: Fibula and Interosseous membrane (middle and anterior surfaces)

I: Distal Phalanx of the Hallux

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13
Q

How many muscles in the Superficial layer of the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A

2 muscles

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14
Q

What are the 2 Superficial layer muscles of the Ant. Comp. of the leg?

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum Longus; and 2. Tibialis Anterior
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15
Q

Superficial layer muscles of the Ant. Comp. of the leg: Extensor Digitorum Longus*

A

GL: Anterior, Leg, Superficial

O: Lateral condyle of the Tibia, Fibula and Interosseous membrane

I: Middle and distal Phalanges of the lateral 4 digits (toes)

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16
Q

Superficial layer muscles of the Ant. Comp. of the leg: Tibialis Anterior*

A

GL: Anterior, Leg, Superficial

O: Lateral condyle and proximal 1/2 of the Tibia

I: Medial Cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

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17
Q

How many total muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the leg?

A

3 muscles

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18
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the Ant. Comp. of the leg (order of lateral to medial tendons)?

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum Longus; 2. Extensor Hallucis Longus; and 3. Tibialis Anterior
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19
Q

How many muscle layers in the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A

2 layers

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20
Q

What are the 2 muscle layers of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Deep; and 2. Superficial
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21
Q

How many muscles in the Deep layer of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A

1 muscle

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22
Q

What is the 1 deep layer muscle of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Fibularis Brevis (previously known as Peroneus Brevis)
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23
Q

Deep layer of the Lateral Compartment of the leg: Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis*

A

GL: Lateral, Leg, Deep

O: Distal 2/3 of the Fibula

I: Base of the 5th metatarsal

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24
Q

How many muscles in the Superficial layer of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A

1 muscle

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25
Q

What is the 1 superficial layer muscle of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Fibularis Longus (previously known as Peroneus Longus)
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26
Q

Superficial layer of the Lateral Compartment of the leg: Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus*

A

GL: Lateral, Leg, Superficial

O: Head and proximal 2/3 of the Fibula

I: Base of the 1st metatarsal and Medial cuneiform

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27
Q

How many muscle layers in the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

A

3 layers

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28
Q

What are the 3 muscle layers of the Lateral Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Deep; 2. Intermediate; and 3. Superficial
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29
Q

How many muscles in the Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

A

4 muscles

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30
Q

What are the 4 deep layer muscle of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis Posterior; 2. Flexor Hallucis Longus; 3. Flexor Digitorum Longus; and 4. Popliteus
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31
Q

Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Tibialis Posterior*

A

GL: Posterior, Leg, Deep

O: Interosseous membrane, Tibia and Fibula

I: Navicular, all 3 Cuneiforms, Cuboid, and Bases of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

32
Q

Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

GL: POSTERIOR, LEG, DEEP

O: Distal 2/3 of the Fibula and Interosseous membrane

I: Base of the distal Phalanx on the Hallux

33
Q

Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

GL: POSTERIOR, LEG, DEEP

O: Tibia

I: Bases of the distal Phalanges of the lateral 4 digits (toes)

34
Q

Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Popliteus

A

GL: POSTERIOR, LEG, DEEP

O: Lateral epicondyle of the Femur

I: Proximal, medial Tibia

35
Q

What mnemonic refers to the arrangement of tendons posterior to the medial malleolus?

A

Tom, Dick and Harry

T: (T)ibialis Posterior

D: Flexor (D)igitorum Longus

H: Flexor (H)allucis Longus

36
Q

What runs through the tarsal tunnel alongside Tom, Dick and Harry?

A

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

37
Q

How many muscles in the Intermediate layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

38
Q

What are the 2 intermediate layer muscle of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Soleus; and 2. Plantaris
39
Q

Intermediate layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Soleus*

A

GL: Posterior, Leg, Intermediate

O: Head of the Fibula, Fibula, Soleal line and posterior surface of the Tibia

I: Calcaneus via the Calcaneal tendon

40
Q

Intermediate layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Plantaris

A

GL: POSTERIOR, LEG, INTERMEDIATE

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Femur

I: Medial surface of the Calcaneal tendon

41
Q

What nickname has been given to Plantaris?

A

“Freshman nerve” because this muscle is often confused for a nerve by first year cadaver students.

42
Q

How many muscles in the superficial layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

43
Q

What is the 1 superficial layer muscle of the Posterior Compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
44
Q

Superficial layer of the Posterior Compartment of the leg: Gastrocnemius*

A

GL: Posterior, Leg, Superficial

O: 1) Lateral head: Lateral condyle of the Femur; 2) Medial head: Medial condyle of the Femur

I: Calcaneus via the Calcaneal tendon

45
Q

Posterior Arm: Triceps Brachii*

A

GL: Posterior, Arm, Superficial

O: 1) Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula; 2) Lateral head: Posterior, proximal half of the Humerus; 3) Medial head: Posterior, distal half of the Humerus

I: Olecranon process of the Ulna

46
Q

Anterior Arm: Biceps Brachii*

A

GL: Anterior, Arm, Superficial

O: 1) Short head: Coracoid process of the Scapula; 2) Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula

I: Radial tuberosity and Aponeurosis of the Biceps Brachii to proximal Ulna

47
Q

Lateral Shoulder: Deltoid*

A

GL: Lateral, Shoulder, Superficial

O: 1) Anterior: Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle; 2) Middle: Acromion; 3) Posterior: Spine of the Scapula

I: Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus

48
Q

Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Piriformis*

A

GL: Posterior, Buttocks, Deep

O: Anterior surface of the Sacrum

I: Greater trochanter of the Femur

49
Q

Posterior Buttocks: Gluteus Maximus*

A

GL: Posterior, Buttocks, Superficial

O: Ilium, Iliac crest, Sacrum and Coccyx

I: Iliotibial Band (IT Band) to Lateral condyle of the Tibia and Gluteal tuberosity of the Femur

50
Q

Posterior Buttocks: Gluteus Medius*

A

GL: Posterior/Lateral, Buttocks, Superficial

O: Exterior surface of the Ilium (between iliac crest and superior gluteal lines)

I: Greater trochanter of the Femur (posterior border)

51
Q

Knee Joint: Bones

A

Distal femur + proximal tibia + patella

52
Q

Knee Joint: Movements Possible

A

Flexion/Extension

53
Q

Knee Joint: Proper Terms

A

Leg at knee

54
Q

How many major ligaments of the knee joint?

A

5 major ligaments + 2 menisci

55
Q

What are the 5 major ligaments and 2 menisci of the knee joint?

A
  1. Medial Meniscus; 2. Lateral Meniscus; 3. Tibial (or Medial) Collateral Ligament (MCL); 4. Fibular (or Lateral) Collateral Ligament (LCL); 5. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL); 6. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL); and 7. Patellar Ligament.
56
Q

Major Menisci: Medial Meniscus

A

Lies between the medial femoral and tibial condyles.

57
Q

Major Menisci: Lateral Meniscus

A

Lies between the lateral femoral and tibial condyles.

58
Q

Major Ligament: Medial (or Tibial) Collateral Ligament

A

The MCL runs from the medial epicondyle of femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

59
Q

Major Ligament: Lateral (or Fibular) Collateral Ligament

A

The LCL runs from the lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of the fibula.

60
Q

What prevents rotation of the tibia against the femur?

A

The Medial (or Tibial) Collateral Ligament (MCL) + Lateral (or Fibular) Collateral Ligament (LCL)

61
Q

Major Ligament: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

The ACL forms an “X” inside the knee joint.

62
Q

Major Ligament: Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

The PCL forms an “X” inside the knee joint.

63
Q

What prevents displacement of the tibia (forward or backward) against the femur?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ALC) + Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

64
Q

Major Ligament: Patellar Ligament

A

Runs from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Distal attachment for quadriceps.

65
Q

Knee Joint: Type(s) of Joint

A

Hinge (femur + tibia)

Plane or Gliding (patella)

66
Q

What is the name of the ligaments in the knee that resemble an “X” pattern?

A

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments (ACL & PCL)

67
Q

What is the function of a meniscus?

A

It helps oddly shaped bones to fit together more snugly and provides shock absorbency.

68
Q

Name the two ligaments on either side of the knee.

A

Medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL)

69
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartments.

A
  1. Fibularis Longus; and 2. Fibularis Brevis
70
Q

How many muscles are there in the anterior compartment?

71
Q

Name the intermediate muscles of the posterior compartments.

A
  1. Soleus; and 2. Plantaris
72
Q

Name the muscle of the anterior compartment whose tendon is the most medial across the anterior ankle?

A

Tibialis Anterior

73
Q

Two muscles form a “stirrup” along the plantar/medial side of the foot:

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior; and 2. Fibularis Longus
74
Q

Which muscles in the posterior compartment crosses more than one joint?

A
  1. Plantaris; and 2. Gastrocnemius
75
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?

A
  1. Navicular; 2-4. All 3 Cuneiforms; 5. Cuboid; 6-8. 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
76
Q

In which compartment and layer is the Popliteus muscle?

A

Deep layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg

77
Q

The muscle which inserts at the base of the 5th metatarsal is?

A

Fibularis Brevis

Bancroft: AP1 (10 decks)

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