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Bancroft: AP1 > Test #4 - Class 6: The Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle/Lower Extremity; Class 7: Palpation of Upper and Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Test #4 - Class 6: The Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle/Lower Extremity; Class 7: Palpation of Upper and Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the Pelvic Girdle?

A

1 pair (2 bones)

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2
Q

What are the 2 bones that make up the Pelvic Girdle?

A

(2) The coxal bones

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3
Q

Each coxal bone is made up of how many regions?

A

3 fused regions

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4
Q

What are the 3 fused regions of the coxal bone?

A
  1. Ilium; 2. Ischium; and 3. Pubis
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5
Q

Describe the location of each region of the coxal bone.

A
  1. Ilium (superior and largest region); 2. Ischium (inferior & posterior region); and 3. Pubis (inferior and anterior region)
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6
Q

How many bone markings on the coxal bone proper?

A

2 bone markings

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7
Q

What are the 2 bone markings on the coxal bone proper?

A
  1. Acetabulum; and 2. Obturator foramen
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8
Q

Coxal Bone Marking: Acetabulum

A

The region of the coxal bone where the ilium, ischium and pubis meet. It forms 1/2 of the hip joint. It’s on the lateral coxal bone.

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9
Q

Coxal Bone Marking: Obturator foramen

A

Largest foramen in the body. It serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves heading to the lower extremity (LE).

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10
Q

How many bone markings on the Ilium region of the coxal bone?

A

5 bone markings

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11
Q

What are the 5 bone markings on the Ilium region of the coxal bone?

A
  1. Iliac crest; 2. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS); 3. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS); 4. Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS); and 5. Greater Sciatic Notch
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12
Q

Ilium Bone Marking: Iliac Crest

A

Runs from the Anterior to the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS to PSIS).

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13
Q

Ilium Bone Marking: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

A

“Front bump”; Anterior projection on the iliam.

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14
Q

Ilium Bone Marking: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)

A

Inferior about 1” and slightly medial to the ASIS; in the crease when seated

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15
Q

Ilium Bone Marking: Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)

A

Posterior projection on the ilium. The posterior border of the iliac crest. Where the dimples on the back are located on some people.

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16
Q

Ilium Bone Marking: Greater Sciatic Notch

A

On the posterior, inferior ilium.

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17
Q

How many bone markings on the Ischium region of the coxal bone?

A

2 bone markings

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18
Q

What are the 2 bone markings on the Ischium region of the coxal bone?

A
  1. Ischial Tuberosity; and 2. Ischial Spine
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19
Q

Ischium Bone Marking: Ischial Tuberosity

A

A large roughened projection on the posterior, inferior ischium. Also known as the “sits” bone.

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20
Q

Ischium Bone Marking: Ischial Spine

A

A sharp, pointy projection on the inferior aspect of the greater sciatic notch.

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21
Q

How many bone markings on the Pubis region of the coxal bone?

A

2 bone markings

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22
Q

What are the 2 bone markings on the Pubis region of the coxal bone?

A
  1. Superior ramus; and 2. Inferior ramus = Superior and Inferior Rami
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23
Q

Pubis Bone Marking: Superior Ramus

A

An armlike section of bone on the superior, medial pubis.

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24
Q

Pubis Bone Marking: Inferior Ramus

A

An armlike section of bone on the inferior, medial pubis.

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25
Q

What bones make up the Pelvic Bowl?

A
  1. The 2 coxal bones; 2. the sacrum; and 3. the coccyx.
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26
Q

Are there differences between the male and female pelvis?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Pelvis Differences: Male

A
  1. Larger, more prominent bone markings; 2. Iliac crest is higher; 3. Pelvic bowl is narrow and deep; 4. Ischial tuberosities are closer together; and 5. Coccyx points down or inward
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28
Q

Pelvis Differences: Female

A
  1. Smaller and less prominent bone markings; 2. Iliac crest is lower; 3. Pelvic bowl is wider and shallow; 4. Ischial tuberosities are further apart; and 5. Coccyx points down or outward
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29
Q

How many major joints of the Pelvis?

A

3 major joints

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30
Q

What are the 3 major joints of the Pelvis?

A
  1. Hip joint; 2. Sacroiliac joint (SI joint); and 3. Pubic symphysis
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31
Q

What makes up the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum of the coxal bone + head of the femur

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32
Q

What makes up the sacroiliac joint (SI joint)?

A

Ilium region of the coxal bone + sacrum of the vertebral column

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33
Q

What makes up the pubic symphysis?

A

Where the 2 pubis regions of the coxal bones meet

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34
Q

How many bones in the Lower Extremity (LE)?

A

30 pairs (or 60 total)

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35
Q

LE: Femur

A

(2) Thigh bone - Largest and strongest bone in the body

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36
Q

How many bone markings on the femur?

A

9 bone markings

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37
Q

What are the 9 bone markings on the femur?

A
  1. Head; 2. Greater Trochanter; 3. Lesser Trochanter; 4. Linea aspera; 5. Gluteal tuberosity; 6. Medial epicondyle; 7. Lateral epicondyle; 8. Medial condyle; and 9. Lateral condyle
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38
Q

Femur: Head

A

Proximal region covered with articular cartilage forming 1/2 of the hip joint.

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39
Q

Femur: Greater Trochanter

A

Large projection on the proximal, lateral femur

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40
Q

Femur: Lesser Trochanter

A

Smaller projection on the proximal, medial femur

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41
Q

Femur: Linea aspera

A

Line running down the posterior femur.

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42
Q

Femur: Gluteal Tuberosity

A

The lateral line off the linea aspera at the proximal end. It also lies just distal and posterior to the greater trochanter. Lateral fork of linea aspera (proximal).

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43
Q

Femur: Medial epicondyle

A

Raised region above the medial condyle (which is in the knee joint)

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44
Q

Femur: Lateral epicondyle

A

Raised region above the lateral condyle (which is in the knee joint)

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45
Q

Femur: Medial condyle

A

Rounded projection on the distal, medial femur. Together with lateral condyle, forms 1/2 of the knee joint.

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46
Q

Femur: Lateral condyle

A

Rounded projection on the distal, lateral femur. Together with medial condyle, forms 1/2 of the knee joint.

47
Q

LE: Tibia

A

(2) The larger of 2 bones in the leg. It is weight bearing.

48
Q

How many bone markings on the Tibia?

A

4 bone markings

49
Q

What are the 4 bone markings on the Tibia?

A
  1. Medial condyle; 2. Lateral condyle; 3. Tibial Tuberosity; and 4. Medial malleolus
50
Q

Tibia: Medial Condyle

A

Flat, smooth surface on the medial, proximal tibia. Together with the lateral condyle, forms 1/2 of the knee joint.

51
Q

Tibia: Lateral Condyle

A

Flat, smooth surface on the lateral, proximal tibia. Together with the medial condyle, forms 1/2 of the knee joint.

52
Q

Tibia: Tibial Tuberosity

A

A roughened or slightly raised area on the proximal, anterior tibia. Just below the patella.

53
Q

Tibia: Medial Malleolus

A

Large projection on the distal, medial tibia. It is the medial ankle bone.

54
Q

LE: Patella

A

(2) Kneecap - Largest sesamoid bone in the body.RE

55
Q

What is the correct bone pairng that makes up the leg?

A

Tibia & Fibula

NOT: Tibula and Fibia

56
Q

LE: Fibula

A

(2) Lateral side of leg. A thinner, more fragile bone which does not support weight.

57
Q

How many bone markings on the fibula?

A

2 bone markings

58
Q

What are the 2 bone markings on the fibula?

A
  1. Head; and 2. Lateral malleolus
59
Q

Fibula: Head

A

Proximal region of fibula

60
Q

Fibula: Lateral malleolus

A

Distal region of fibula; lateral ankle bone

61
Q

What lies between the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseous membrane

62
Q

How many tarsal bones in the ankle?

A

7 pairs (or 14 total)

63
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

A
  1. Calcaneous; 2. Talus; 3. Navicular; 4. Medial cuneiform; 5. Intermediate cuneiform; 6. Later cuneiform; and 7. Cuboid
64
Q

Tarsals: Calcaneous

A

Largest tarsal bone. It is the heel and lies posterior.

65
Q

Tarsals: Talus

A

Anterior and medial

66
Q

Tarsals: Navicular

A

Anterior and boat shaped

67
Q

Tarsals: How many cuneiforms?

A

3 cuneiforms

68
Q

Tarsals: What are the 3 cunieforms?

A
  1. Medial; 2. Intermediate; and 3. Lateral cunieforms
69
Q

Tarsals: Cuboid

A

Most lateral, anterior and cube shaped

70
Q

Tarsals: Metatarsals

A

5 per foot (10 total) - Numbered 1 through 5 starting big-toe-side (hallux).

71
Q

Tarsals: Phalanges (Digits)

A

14 per foot (28 total) - Same arrangement as hand bones (distal, middle and proximal)

72
Q

How many major joints of the LE?

A

3 major joints

73
Q

What are the 3 major joints of the LE?

A
  1. Hip joint; 2. Knee joint; and 3. Ankle joint
74
Q

What makes up the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum of the coxal bone + head of the femur

75
Q

What makes up the knee joint?

A

Distal femur + proximal tibia + patella

76
Q

What makes up the ankle joint?

A

Distal tibia + distal fibula + talus

77
Q

Palpation: Spine of the Scapula

A

Run hands across the spine of the scapula that runs from the superior angle to the acromion

78
Q

Palpation: Acromion

A

3-finger wide flat medial projection on the shoulder

79
Q

Palpation: Medial border

A

Vertebral border that runs from inferior to superior angle

80
Q

Palpation: Lateral border

A

Axillary border that runs from inferior angle to gleniod cavity (disappears into muscle near armpit)

81
Q

Palpation: Inferior angle

A

Lowest tip of scapula (arm behind back)

82
Q

Palpation: Superior angle

A

Highest tip of scapula (rounded under muscle near distal neck)

83
Q

Palpation: Coracoid process

A

“Birds beak” distal to S-curve in the clavicle, massage in circular pattern to loosen muscle

84
Q

Palpation: Greater tubercle

A

Step off the acromion onto the greater tubercle (lateral arm)

85
Q

Palpation: Lesser tubercle

A

Smaller projection more medial and anterior to greater tubercle

86
Q

Palpation: Bicipital groove

A

The depression between the greater and lesser tubercle (rotate arm to feel for it and press fingers in)

87
Q

Palpation: Deltoid tuberosity

A

1/2 way between lateral epicondyle and head of humerus (where the deltoid attaches); lateral side of arm

88
Q

Palpation: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus

A

WIth palms forward, medial (inside) bone projection distal end of humerus

89
Q

Palpation: Lateral epicondyle of the Humerus

A

WIth palms forward, later (outside) bone projection distal end of humerus

90
Q

Palpation: Lateral supracondylar ridge

A

Sharp Line from lateral epicondyle up to deltoid tuberosity on the the outside of the arm

91
Q

Palpation: Olecranon process

A

Elbow, proximal ulna

92
Q

Palpation: Styloid process of ulna

A

With palm forward it is the medial wrist bone, distal ulna, palpated easily on the posterior side

93
Q

Palpation: Head of radius

A

Locate lateral epicondyle and slide distal to the head of radius (only bony projection) ring-shaped surface (rotate forearm to feel)

94
Q

Palpation: Styloid process of radius

A

With palm forward it is the lateral wrist bone, distal radius, palpated easily on the lateral side

95
Q

Palpation: Pisiform

A

Most medial proximal carpal

96
Q

Palpation: Hamate

A

Distal to pisiform, diagonal to index finger; hamate has the “hook”

97
Q

Palpation: Trapezium

A

Distal to scaphoid; proximal to 1st metacarpal

98
Q

Palpation: Iliac crest

A

Higher on men, lower on women (tops of hip)

99
Q

Palpation: ASIS

A

Anterior Superior “front bump” on the iliac crest

100
Q

Palpation: PSIS

A

Posterior Superior “back dimples” of the iliac crest

101
Q

Palpation: Ischial tuberosity

A

“Sits” bone (prone) men: midline and slightly medial; women: midline (L shaped hand, fingers in safety zone)

102
Q

Palpation: Greater trochanter

A

Lateral hump of the femur (middle of iliac crest)

103
Q

Palpation: Gluteal tuberosity

A

Partner on side with superior knee bent to table, locate greater trochanter. Work fingers, posterior and 1-2” distally to locate.

104
Q

Palpation: Medial epicondyle of Femur

A

Partner seated, medial epicondyle is on the inside distal end of femur

105
Q

Palpation: Lateral epicondyle of Femur

A

Partner seated, lateral epicondyle is on the outside distal end of femur

106
Q

Palpation: Distinguish between the femoral condyles and tibial condyles

A

Anterior distal ends of femur and tibia (medial and lateral sides of patella)

107
Q

Palpation: Tibial tuberosity

A

Distal to patella

108
Q

Palpation: Medial malleolus of Tibia

A

Medial ankle bone

109
Q

Palpation: Head of fibula

A

Lateral outside from tibial tuberosity

110
Q

Palpation: Lateral malleolus of the fibula

A

Lateral ankle bone

111
Q

Palpation: Calcaneus

A

Heel

112
Q

Palpation: Base of the 5th metatarsal

A

Most lateral metatarsal, slide posterior to “hook”

113
Q

Palpation: Medial Cuneiform

A

Most medial cuneiform; middle of arch from underneath

Bancroft: AP1 (10 decks)

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