Test 7 Flashcards
When are reversal designs undersirable
when treatment variables are not able to be withdrawn due to ethical, practical, staff limitations.
-no0t good to do when using multiple bx
what is a multiple baseline design
Same treatment is applied sequentially across; behaviours, subjects, or settings
-BL is started at the same time
What is meant by independence of behaviour is not found
the effects of the treatment variable are general rather than specific
What do you do when independence of behaviours is not found
- include BL that are topographically distinct from one another (difficult on a priori bases)
- use 4 or more BL rather than 2-3
- withdrawal and reintroduce treatment (BAB) therefore demonstrating the controlling effects over the response.
Include baselines that are topographically distinct from one another
Use 4 baselines
Use withdrawal design within multiple baseline
How many BL should be used in a multiple baseline
-at least two, preferably 3, 4 or more increase the strength of design.
What are the three basic types of multiple baseline designs
Behaviors
Subjects
Settings
What are the major problems with self report data
- it is not always accurate (eg deviate bx alcohol vs not)
- accuracy and Validity is suspect
what is meant by independence of target behaviours
Behaviors should be functionally similar but independent
what is a simultaneous replication design
A group multiple baseline-simultaneous replications treatment design is described that establishes experimental control within a single ongoing training group by combining group treatment with behavioral assessment of each S following each group session
-do group therapy but take data on each participant
what is a non concurrent multiple baseline design
When you can’t start baseline at the same time, i.e. not all 3 subjects were identified at the same time or enrolled in services
Need to have differing lengths of baseline
Can not introduce treatment on the same day regardless of length of baseline, intervening variable
Why is a multiple baseline not well suited for drug research
-because the drug will have the same effect across multiple behaviours when administered.
+
Multiple baseline across subjects could be used, across behaviors and settings inappropriate
Multiple baseline with different drugs could be used
Multiple baseline could provide additional methodology to study drug effectiveness rather than control and placebo group designs
SA why
previous research has not shown gen
- SA is more common in these pop
- used in situ training following bST
SA Subjects
5 women
ID but verbal
SA target Bx
trained to use SA prevention skills in response to situations acted out
- doesn’t agree or comply
- says no or other verbal refusal
- leaves or tells them to leave
- reports incident
SA assessment
asked subjects how they would respond in various situations
- role played
- gen tested via in situ
SA IOA
2 observers
100%
SA experimental conditions
BL: same as assessment
Training:BST (presentation of info, discrimination, instructions, rehearsal in role play, praise for CR, feedback for IR, multiple exemplars used)
R+ fast food coupons FR10
In Situ training: 1 week later tested. If lower than a 4 training began.
SA In situ training
They first asked the subject what the confederate had asked her to do and what her response was. They then told her the correct response, modeled it for her, and reenacted the assessment sce- nario in a role play. If the subject exhibited the correct response in the role play, she re- ceived praise. If the subject exhibited the in- correct response, the trainers used instruc- tions and modeling to prompt the correct response. Training continued until the sub- ject made the correct response in two role- play situations without prompts. Within 3 days, another in situ assessment was con- ducted, and in situ training was repeated un- til three consecutive assessments resulted in scores of 4.
SA follow up
One month following the com- pletion of in situ training, an in situ assess- ment was conducted. If the subject received a score of 4, her participation in the study was finished. If the subject received a score lower than 4, in situ training sessions were conducted until the subject achieved a score of 4 on a subsequent in situ assessment.
SA results
The results of this investigation show that a 10-week behavioral skills training program resulted in the acquisition of sexual abuse prevention skills, but that the skills did not fully generalize to in situ assessments
-did occur in the naturalistic context once in situ training had been conducted, both im- mediately and 1 month after training.
SA future research
Should further look at M and G.
-other ppl
GC why
not always access to R+
- Some teachers aren’t good at social praise
- want to use naturally occurring privileges
GC subjects/setting
4th grad, 24 kids, 7 problem behaviours
GC DV
- observed 1hr 3 days a week
- interval recording 1m
1) out of seat behaviour - leaving during session without permission
2) talking out behaviour - talking/whispering without permission
GC IOA
2nd observer at least once per condition agreements over total intervals time 100 also calculated whether teacher attention was given* -out of seat 91% -talking out 86%
