Test 6 Flashcards
What is an ABABAB design
repeated demonstration of control of the treatment variable and extended version of the study .
What is a prime condition e.g. C
Non contingent reinforcement
What is a ceiling effect?
the level at which an independent variable no longer has an effect on a dependent variable, or the level above which variance in an independent variable is no longer measured or estimated
What is counterbalancing
a method for controlling order effects in a repeated measures design
What is multiple treatment interference
- only want to manipulate one variable at a time otherwise we don’t know what is creating behaviour change
- or treatment in earlier phases may effect treatment in later phases
what are carry over effects?
A carryover effect is an effect that “carries over” from one experimental condition to another
What is a placebo?
a condition that has no therapeutic effect
What does a placebo phase control for?
the subjects expected effects of the drug.
what are residual effects
left over effects from the drug
What is single blind?
- only researcher knows
- maintains flexibility
What is double blind
- gold standard
- randomly assigned two groups, one gets drug the other gets placebo
What are interaction effects?
is the simultaneous effect of two or more independent variables on at least one dependent variable in which their joint effect is significantly greater (or significantly less) than the sum of the parts.
What is a composite treatment package
Whole package is introduced at once, not each individual component.
what is meant by masking?
refers to whether patients, clinicians providing an intervention, people assessing outcomes, and/or data analysts were aware or unaware of the group to which patients were assigned.
-the effects are hidden by the other variable/treatments implemented.
What is a changing criterion design?
brief BL
R+ introduce, then criterion for that R+ is changed over the corse of the evaluation.
Design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases consisting of successive and gradually changing criteria.
When do you use a changing criterion design
Best suited for evaluating effects of instructional techniques on stepwise changes in rate, frequency, accuracy, duration, or latency of single target behavior
Is a good design for school settings
Final point. You can reach a level where you cannot go any higher or any faster due to subject limitations
What is a range bound changing criterion design
-addresses concerns about behavioural variability
-Allows for greater flexibility in performance.
Fosters consistency as well as improved performance.
You can report proportion of days performance fell within range.
E purpose
use DRA/token economy with escape R+
E method
4 yr old
only consumed substance via bottle prior to study
-session in room with Rifton chair, observation window, and table. Used Nuk timer, and token board
- Frequency data taken
E DV
- Acceptance (entire bite in mouth within 5s or presentation, and swallowed within 30s, demonstrated by open mouth)
- Food refusal-head turns 45D past the midline during bite presentation.-Disruptions (any part of body comes into contact during bite presentation. -Mouth covers (placing bib or one or both hands within 2in of the mouth during bite presentation.
E IOA
-second observer took reliability data during 43% of meals
-IOA agreements by total and times 100
99 and 96 acceptance and food refusal.
E Differential positive reinforcement of alternative behaviour
-2 BL. Both prompted to take a bite with food presented at her mouth 2-3in from lips. Accepted in 5s equalled praise
-praise plus escape (15s) contingent on food refusal, represented after 30s or end of escape interval.
-praise plus escape extinction
food kept in from of lips until new presentation or acceptance.
-session done after 10 bites or 20m
-variety if foods