Test 6 Flashcards
Behaviourist approach
Focuses on determining the forces in someone’s life that support unhealthy behaviour
•goal is to GRADUALLY replace bad behaviour with good
Internal influences
Personal factors (age sex income personality) Psychological factors (motivation perception etc)
External influences
Cultural factors (social class culture etc) Social factors (family reference group status etc)
Health psychology
Study of how behaviour, thought, emotions can influence someone’s physical health / how our physical health influences our behaviour thoughts emotions
Learned psychological behaviour
Ex smoking - more likely to smoke if members of family/ friends smoke
Body mass index (BMI)
Weight in kilograms/ height in meters (squared) = BMI
What % of Canadians are obese on BMI scale?
25%
What is the heritability of body size?
0.5-0.9 (very high)
Set point
Biological forces work to keep your body weight at some genetically determined level
What is the most critical factor for weight loss?
Physical activity
Kids who watched food commercials ate what % more food than kids who didn’t?
45%
Social contagion
Phenomenon by which behaviours spread through interaction
Cognitive appraisal theory of stress
Primary appraisal: think something is wrong, get stressed
Secondary appraisal: think if it’s something we need to worry about
Mood disorders
Related I severe disruptions in someone’s emotional state resulting in “maladaptive” behaviour & thought patterns
Depression
And LENGTHLY, chronic period of deep sadness, feeling worthless, belief nothing will get better
Anxiety disorders
Fear responses that are out of proportion to the true threat
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Intense fear to normal daily stressors/ life changes
Panic disorder
State of anxiety that is NOT constant but occurs in extreme bursts called “panic attacks”
Social phobias
Chronic concerns of being overly judged negatively / scared of being publicly humiliated
Schizophrenia
A severe disruption in someone’s thoughts & perceptions of reality
Phase 1 of schizophrenia
(Prodromal phase) Cognitive deficits, confusion, problems logically thinking
Phase 2 schizophrenia
(Active phase) developed strange delusions / see or hear things that aren’t real / thoughts & speech can become illogical
Phase 3 schizophrenia
(Residual phase) most prominent symptoms decline but suppressed willingness to be social
Positive / negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive: adds something ex. Hallucinating, disorganized thinking
Negative: takes something away ex. Social isolation, lack of motivation
The moral treatment movement
PINEL and DIX showed society residents in mental home should be treated well
By 1950’s public opinion shifted on institutionalizations
1955-85 mental institution pop decreased 80%
The medical model
Focuses solely on reducing the symptoms but the root cause of the disorder is far more complicated
Statistical abnormalities
Can not provide sole basis for defining mental disorders because what is socially accepted is always changing
Maladaptive
Someone’s feelings, behaviour, thoughts etc are maladaptive if they cause distress to the people around you/ impairs a persons daily functioning/ increase likelyhood someone will experience harm
Agoraphobia
When someone’s fear of having a panic attack in public causes them to avoid public places
Phobias
Extreme fear of objects, organisms, activities
OCD
Combination of irrational persistent thoughts, the irresistible urge to engage in repetitive behaviours or compulsions
BMI scale
Underweight: under 18.5
Healthy: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese: above 30
Social resilience
The ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
A theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
Describes number and type of symptoms for each mental disorder
Details about prognosis or expected progression for each disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Mental illness that centres on the inability to manage emotion well
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
Long term pattern of abnormal behaviour, exaggerated feelings of self importance
Histrionic personality disorder (HPD)
Excessive attention seeking emotions, usually begins in early adulthood
Co- morbidity
The simultaneous presence of 2 chronic diseases or conditions in a patient
Dissociative disorder (DD)
Conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception
Dissociative fugue
Is one or more episodes of amnesia in which individuals cannot recall some or all of his or her past
Depersonalization disorder
Mental disorder in which the person has persistent reoccurring feelings of depersonalization or realization
Dissociative identity disorder
At least 2 distinct and relatively enduring personality states
Dissociative amnesia disorder
Mental illness that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, consciousness, awareness, identity, and or perception
Dopaminergic pathways/ projections
The sets of projection neurons in the brain that release dopamine
Glutamate circuits/ receptors
Synaptic receptors located on the membranes of neuronal cells
Enlarged ventricles
Means that the fluid pressure in the brain may not be as in other types of hydrocephalus. Enlarged ventricles pressing on the brain can cause symptoms
Frontal lobe deficiencies
Frontal lobe Plays big role in mental functions like motivation planning, social behaviour and speech production
Frontal lobe disorder
Impairment of frontal lobe from disease or head trauma
The neurodevelopemental hypothesis (NDH)
Suggests disruptions in brain development early in life underlies the development of psychosis during adulthood (schizophrenia)
Pessimistic explanatory style
People who generally tend to blame themselves for negative events believe the events will never stop and let it affect many aspects of their life
