Terminology

Question 1

What is a variable

Answer 1

Any object /concept/event that is the focus of a a scientific investigation

Question 2

Objectivity

Answer 2

Is achieved when measurment is consistant dispite who is being measured and what they do it with

Question 3

Operational defoinition

Answer 3

The procedures used to measure a veriable

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

The degree to which a measurment procedure actually measures the variable it was developed to measure

Question 5

Reliability

Answer 5

The degree that a measure produces the same measurment fir a variable across measurment events

Question 6

Test-retest reliability

Answer 6

The extent of simularity in scores geberated by the sane measure for the same person across 2 testing seshons

Question 7

Alternative form reliability

Answer 7

The extent to which different forms of the same test generate similar scores for the same person across 2 testing seshions

Question 8

Inter grader reliability

Answer 8

The degree of similarity in observation reported by 2 observers

Question 9

Dyadic resiprocity
And
General resiprocity

Answer 9

Dyadic: liking people more who like us more than other people

General: liking people more who generally like all people

Question 10

Theory:

Answer 10

An explination for a range of observations (must be testable)

Question 11

Scientific literacy

Answer 11

Ability to analize/understand scientific info

Question 12

Genrilizability

Answer 12

The degree that the findings of a research study apply to people or situations other than those that are specific to the study

Question 13

Random samples

Answer 13

Are ideal when possible because the justify “generalizeability”

Question 14

Convenience sample

Answer 14

Require more caution when generalizing results but are more practical than random

Question 15

Ecological vallidity

Answer 15

The extent that results found in a research study will apply

Question 16

Experimental bias

Answer 16

When a researchers beliefs or expectations can distort their findings, even without their knowledge

Question 17

Anonymity

Answer 17

No connection between participants responces and their identity

Question 18

Confidentiality

Answer 18

Only researcher can link participants to thier answers and must keep it a secret

Question 19

Single blind study

Answer 19

Keep purpose of study a secret to prticipants until youre done

Question 20

Double blind study

Answer 20

Keep purpose for test a secret to participants and the experimentor a secret until done the test

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

Repeating a study and obtaining essentially the sane results

Question 22

Case study

Answer 22

In deoth report of specific cases (only few people can be examined)

Question 23

Naturalistic observation

Answer 23

Observing people in natural enviroment & taking record of theur habits ( with thier knowledge)

Question 24

Survey/questionarre

Answer 24

Having individuaks provide answers to a series of questions

Question 25

Coorilation research

Answer 25

Measure of the “degree of association” between 2 variables

Question 26

Positibe coorilation

Answer 26

When higher values on the variable tend to co-occure with higher variables of the other

Question 27

Monozygotic

Answer 27

Identical twins

Question 28

Falsifiable

Answer 28

Hypothesis is precise enough to be proven false

Question 29

Annecdotle evidence

Answer 29

An individuals story about an observation that is used to make a claim as evidence

Question 30

Appeals to authority

Answer 30

The belief in a claim even when theres no evidence to support it

Question 31

Appeals to common sense

Answer 31

A claim that appears to be sound but has no supporting scientific evidence

Question 32

Illusory correlation

Answer 32

Relationships that really exist only in the mind not in reality

Question 33

Independant variable

Answer 33

The variable that the experimentor manipulates to destinguish between two or more groups

Question 34

Dependant variable

Answer 34

The observation or measurement thatvis recorded during the experament

Question 35

Quasi-experimental research

Answer 35

Research technique where the groups studied are selected based on pre determined charicteristics rather than random assignment